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Which of the following is most likely to decrease the number of abortions performed in the United States?


A) Limiting federal funding for abortion
B) Improving access to and education about contraception
C) Mandating abstinence-only sex education
D) Restricting access to Plan B
E) Establishing parental consent laws

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Progestin-only contraceptive pills contain _______ levels of progestins than are found in combination pills, and work primarily by _______.


A) higher; inhibiting hypothalamic hormones
B) higher; inhibiting estrogen production
C) lower; inhibiting hypothalamic hormones
D) lower; inhibiting estrogen production
E) lower; thickening cervical mucus

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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_______ abortion is the intentional termination of a pregnancy for non-medical reasons.


A) Spontaneous
B) Elective
C) Therapeutic
D) D&G
E) Couvage

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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By removing a section of the vas deferens, a vasectomy prevents pregnancy by


A) inhibiting spermatogenesis.
B) blocking sperm from leaving the male reproductive tract.
C) inhibiting ejaculation.
D) impairing seminal vesicle function.
E) inhibiting testosterone secretion.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The oral contraceptive pill takes advantage of knowledge about


A) the hormonal control of ovulation.
B) the hormonal control of spermatogenesis.
C) the chemical composition of the vaginal environment.
D) the chemical composition of semen.
E) behavioral patterns of women.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Vitamin A is of particular interest to contraceptive technology because


A) it is essential for normal ovarian function.
B) it is necessary for vision and while this is not only our dominant sense, it is also essential for sexual arousal in most men.
C) sperm cannot swim without vitamin A in semen.
D) it is an important component of embryonic development.
E) sperm production cannot occur without it.

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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An IUD may be inserted through the vagina and cervix into the _______.

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What is the difference between combination and progestin-only pills? How do these categories of contraceptive pills differ from each other in terms of advantages and disadvantages?

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Combination pills contain both estrogen ...

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China's "one-child" policy was implemented to limit _______.

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Survey the variety of hormone-based non-oral contraceptives that are available, including reliability, advantages, and disadvantages.

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There are several hormone-based non-oral...

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Clinical trials in China have demonstrated that administration of testosterone is an effective hormonal contraceptive for men. The testosterone most likely works by


A) blocking androgen receptors.
B) feedback inhibition of LH and FSH.
C) stimulating hypothalamic GnRH.
D) reducing libido.
E) stimulating progesterone receptors.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Due to elevated health risks, women over the age of _______ and who _______ are advised not to use combination pills.


A) 18; smoke
B) 21; smoke
C) 35; drink
D) 21; drink
E) 35; smoke

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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In medieval times, herbal preparations were often used for the purpose of _______.

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Briefly describe some of the research in progress dedicated to new contraceptive methods.

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Research in the field of contraception i...

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The medical abortion drug mifepristone acts by _______ progesterone receptors and thus directly causing the _______ to break down.


A) blocking; endometrium
B) activating; endometrium
C) blocking; embryo
D) activating; fetus
E) activating; embryo

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements about abortion is true?


A) The majority of abortion recipients were using some kind of contraception when they became pregnant.
B) Most abortions are performed for medical reasons.
C) The legality of abortion is determined on a state-by-state basis.
D) Having an abortion increases the risk of breast cancer later in life.
E) There is strong evidence that the majority of women who have abortions suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

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In the early 20th century, unwanted pregnancies were largely a function of


A) the high cost of contraceptives.
B) the lack of availability of contraceptives.
C) the failure to use contraceptives properly.
D) the prevalence of sexual intercourse outside of marriage.
E) cavalier attitudes toward sexuality.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Oral sex, mutual masturbation, and body exploration as a substitute for coitus are called


A) foreplay.
B) outercourse.
C) intercourse.
D) afterplay.
E) effleurage.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Developing countries like China and India hope to foster economic development and control demand on limited resources by


A) limiting population growth.
B) stimulating population growth.
C) encouraging fetal sex selection.
D) allowing only the wealthy to reproduce.
E) limiting access to contraceptive and abortion services.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Progestin-only pills work mainly by


A) suppressing ovulation.
B) thickening cervical mucus.
C) preventing implantation.
D) inflaming the oviducts slightly.
E) decreasing a woman's interest in sex.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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