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_____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed.


A) Specificity
B) Atomicity
C) Durability
D) Time stamping

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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What are the three basic techniques to control deadlocks?

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Deadlock prevention.A transaction reques...

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The implicit beginning of a transaction is when _____.


A) a database is started
B) a table is accessed for the first time
C) the first SQL statement is encountered
D) the COMMIT command is issued

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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_____ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.


A) Serializability 
B) Atomicity
C) Isolation
D) Time stamping

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Serializability means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.

A) True
B) False

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One of the three most common data integrity and consistency problems is _____.


A) lost updates
B) disk failures
C) user errors 
D) deadlocks

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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To determine the appropriate order of the operations, the scheduler bases its actions on concurrency control algorithms, such as _____ or time stamping methods.

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A consistent database state is one in which all _____.


A) tables have foreign keys
B) data integrity constraints are satisfied
C) table are normalized
D) SQL statements only update one table at a time

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Durability requires that all portions of the transaction must be treated as a single, logical unit of work in which all operations are applied and completed to produce a consistent database.

A) True
B) False

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A(n) _____ phase in a two phase lock is when a transaction releases all locks and cannot obtain a new lock.


A) growing
B) shrinking
C) locking
D) unlocking

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A _____ lock will lock the entire diskpage.


A) transaction-level
B) table-level
C) page-level
D) row-level

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A scheduler facilitates data isolation to ensure that two transactions do not update the same data element at the same time.

A) True
B) False

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A growing phase in a two-phase lock is when a transaction acquires all the required locks without locking any data.

A) True
B) False

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Most real-world database transactions are formed by only one database request.

A) True
B) False

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Most multiuser _____ automatically initiate and enforce locking procedures, where all locking information is managed by the lock manager.

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DBMSs
database manag...

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In the optimistic approach, during the _____ phase, changes are permanently applied to the database.


A) read
B) validation
C) write
D) shared

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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In a page-level lock, the DBMS will lock an entire diskpage.

A) True
B) False

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A(n) _____ condition occurs when two or more transactions wait for each other to unlock data.


A) deadlock
B) exclusive lock
C) binary lock
D) two-phase lock

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Although the DBMS is designed to recover a database to a previous consistent state when an interruption prevents the completion of a required set of transactions, the transactions themselves are defined by the end user or programmer and must be _____ correct.

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The scheduler's main job is to create a(n) _____ of a transaction's operation, in which the interleaved executions of transactions yield the same results as if the transactions were executed in serial order.

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serializab...

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