Question 1

Roger has dangerously high levels of glucose in his blood. Genetic and protein tests reveal that he has mutations in two genes and abnormal amounts or activity of the proteins encoded by those two genes. What would be the most likely match to Roger's protein profile?

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   DE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

You wish to determine which organs function to remove waste products from the hemolymph (blood)  of an insect. You do so by injecting a suspension of particulate dye particles into the abdominal cavity of an anesthetized cricket. Where will you find these dye particles 45 minutes later, after you euthanize and dissect the cricket?

Accepted Answer

A)   in the Malpighian tubules
B)   in the antennal glands
C)   in the nephridia
D)   in the nephrons of the kidneys
E)   in the urinary bladderF)  in the protonephridiaG) A) and D)
H) B) and F)

Question 3

A pathogenic virus has a new mutation in one of the coat proteins, that just happens to resemble the structure of a normal human protein present in dendritic cells of the central nervous system. What do you predict may be an outcome of infection by this virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   The adaptive immune system will not respond to the virus because the innate immune system will destroy it first.
B)   There will be no adaptive immune response to the virus, since all self-reactive T lymphocytes are removed in the thymus.
C)   The membrane attack complex will be unable to burst the viral membrane.
D)   The body's immune system will start attacking the brain cells because the viral protein is very similar to the protein on the dendritic cells.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that target beta-adrenergic receptors, blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These drugs are used to treat heart conditions, hypertension, glaucoma, and migraine headaches and are also used off-label to alleviate stage fright in performers. Since the beta-adrenergic receptor is a GPCR, what intracellular event is prevented by the use of a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

A)   a protein kinase cascade, initiated by the receptor's intracellular kinase domain
B)   release of an activated G protein subunit bound to GTP
C)   transport of the receptor-hormone complex into the cell and the nucleus, where it would regulate transcription
D)   a protein phosphatase cascade, initiated by the receptor's intracellular phosphatase domainE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

What hormone regulates the metamorphosis of tadpoles into frogs?

Accepted Answer

A)   cortisol
B)   somatotropin
C)   melatonin
D)   estrogen
E)   thyroid hormoneF) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 6

What feature distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hormones travel via the blood to a target tissue, while neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to a postsynaptic cell.
B)   A hormone affects reproductive functions, while neurotransmitters control all other processes.
C)   Hormones are steroids, while neurotransmitters are amino acids.
D)   Hormones require large concentrations to have an effect, while neurotransmitters require only low concentrations.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What is the route a red blood cell would take to circulate through a kidney, starting from the aorta?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal vein -> vasa recta -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> renal artery
B)   renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> vasa recta -> efferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> renal vein
C)   renal artery -> afferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> vasa recta -> renal vein
D)   renal artery -> glomerulus -> afferent arteriole -> efferent arteriole -> vasa recta -> renal vein
E)   renal vein -> efferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> afferent arteriole -> vasa recta -> renal arteryF)  renal artery -> vasa recta -> afferent arteriole -> efferent arteriole -> glomerulus -> renal veinG)  renal vein -> glomerulus -> efferent arteriole -> afferent arteriole -> vasa recta -> renal arteryH) A) and F)
I) A) and E)

Question 8

What do cytotoxic T cells interact with?

Accepted Answer

A)   MHC class I proteins only
B)   MHC class II proteins only
C)   viral or cancer cell peptides only
D)   MHC class I and MHC class II proteins
E)   MHC class I proteins and viral or cancer cell peptidesF)  MHC class II proteins and viral or cancer cell peptidesG) None of the above
H) A) and F)

Question 9

A scout troop sets out on a backpacking trip. Soon, an unexpected storm gets them drenched, and the troop leaders discover that few boys have packed warm clothes. Several scouts start shivering uncontrollably, a sign of hypothermia. The leaders call off the trip and the group heads back to their cars. This shivering response was

Accepted Answer

A)   an attempt to produce heat by creating friction with their clothing.
B)   an attempt to produce heat by burning large amounts of ATP.
C)   a maladaptive response that wastes energy.
D)   a social signal that evolved to alert adults to take action.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant, her breasts are producing milk. When she went to the doctor, he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan. She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why. What do you tell her?

Accepted Answer

A)   "They were actually scanning your thyroid gland, not your brain. Are you getting enough iodine in your diet?"
B)   "LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary stimulate milk production. The doctor wants to rule out excess levels of estrogen in the pituitary stalk."
C)   "The MRI technician must have mixed up your patient records. He should have done a thoracic scan instead."
D)   "Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production. The doctor probably wants to rule out a pituitary tumor."E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

If an animal suffered damage to the temperature sensor in its brain, what would be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)   The integrating center would not receive inputs to compare to the set point. Body temperature could rise or fall to dangerous levels.
B)   Only the integumentary system is required to sense temperature changes. Body temperature would remain stable.
C)   The animal would have to rely on shivering instead of vasoconstriction to maintain body heat.
D)   The animal would fall back onto a more primitive ectothermic mode of regulation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The residents of a small town are concerned about possible pollutants being released by a nearby chemical plant. The cause of their concern is the recent discovery of dozens of small tadpoles with legs in ponds near the chemical plant. What is a possible explanation for these legged tadpoles?

Accepted Answer

A)   The chemical plant is releasing chemicals that are similar in structure to G proteins.
B)   The chemical plant is releasing chemicals that are similar in structure to cyclic AMP.
C)   The chemical plant is releasing chemicals that are similar in structure to aldosterone.
D)   The chemical plant is releasing chemicals that are similar in structure to thyroid hormones.
E)   The chemical plant is releasing chemicals that are similar in structure to steroid hormones.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   lowers blood glucose level
B)   inhibits loss of calcium from bone
C)   stimulates bone growth
D)   initiates stress response
E)   raises blood glucose levelF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _______ proteins in the plasma membrane of these cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   CD8
B)   CD4
C)   Toll-like receptor
D)   cytokine receptor
E)   major histocompatibility class IF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Claire lost the ability to completely empty her bladder following a stroke, and a nurse inserts a catheter into the open end of her urinary tract each day to remove the urine. Into what structure does the nurse insert the catheter?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal pelvis
B)   bladder
C)   ureter
D)   collecting duct
E)   nephronF)  urethraG) D) and F)
H) C) and F)

Question 16

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)   The axons of neurons of the endocrine system travel a shorter distance than those of the autonomic nervous system.
B)   The endocrine system employs chemical signals only, while the autonomic nervous system involves a combination of electrical and chemical signals.
C)   Norepinephrine is produced by the autonomic nervous system, while epinephrine is produced by the endocrine system.
D)   The autonomic nervous system promotes "fight or flight" functions, while the endocrine system promotes "rest and digest" functions.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  cripples the functioning of the adaptive immune system because it selectively infects and destroys one particular class of cells, which are required for mounting a vigorous immune response to a variety of foreign pathogens or cancer cells. What cell is the most-likely target of the HIV virus?

Accepted Answer

A)   suppressor T cells
B)   cytotoxic T cells
C)   helper T cells
D)   natural killer cells
E)   neutrophilsF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 18

What is a necessary component of a powerful immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)   a large thyroid gland
B)   thousands of different immunoglobulin genes
C)   an ability to distinguish self from nonself
D)   strict temperature homeostasis
E)   different classes of plasma cellsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 30: Maintaining Homeostasis

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on T_H cells by recognizing the _______ proteins in the plasma membrane of these cells.

Correct Answer
verified

The residents of a small town are concerned about possible pollutants being released by a nearby chemical plant. The cause of their concern is the recent discovery of dozens of small tadpoles with legs in ponds near the chemical plant. What is a possible explanation for these legged tadpoles?

Correct Answer
verified

If an animal suffered damage to the temperature sensor in its brain, what would be the result?

Correct Answer
verified

Claire lost the ability to completely empty her bladder following a stroke, and a nurse inserts a catheter into the open end of her urinary tract each day to remove the urine. Into what structure does the nurse insert the catheter?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Correct Answer
verified

What do cytotoxic T cells interact with?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant, her breasts are producing milk. When she went to the doctor, he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan. She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why. What do you tell her?

Correct Answer
verified

What feature distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Correct Answer
verified

Roger has dangerously high levels of glucose in his blood. Genetic and protein tests reveal that he has mutations in two genes and abnormal amounts or activity of the proteins encoded by those two genes. What would be the most likely match to Roger's protein profile?

Correct Answer
verified

What is a necessary component of a powerful immune system?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the route a red blood cell would take to circulate through a kidney, starting from the aorta?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What hormone regulates the metamorphosis of tadpoles into frogs?

Correct Answer
verified

A pathogenic virus has a new mutation in one of the coat proteins, that just happens to resemble the structure of a normal human protein present in dendritic cells of the central nervous system. What do you predict may be an outcome of infection by this virus?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 30: Maintaining Homeostasis

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on TH cells by recognizing the _______ proteins in the plasma membrane of these cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The residents of a small town are concerned about possible pollutants being released by a nearby chemical plant. The cause of their concern is the recent discovery of dozens of small tadpoles with legs in ponds near the chemical plant. What is a possible explanation for these legged tadpoles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an animal suffered damage to the temperature sensor in its brain, what would be the result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Claire lost the ability to completely empty her bladder following a stroke, and a nurse inserts a catheter into the open end of her urinary tract each day to remove the urine. Into what structure does the nurse insert the catheter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do cytotoxic T cells interact with?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant, her breasts are producing milk. When she went to the doctor, he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan. She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why. What do you tell her?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What feature distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Roger has dangerously high levels of glucose in his blood. Genetic and protein tests reveal that he has mutations in two genes and abnormal amounts or activity of the proteins encoded by those two genes. What would be the most likely match to Roger's protein profile?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a necessary component of a powerful immune system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between the endocrine system and the autonomic nervous system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the route a red blood cell would take to circulate through a kidney, starting from the aorta?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What hormone regulates the metamorphosis of tadpoles into frogs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A pathogenic virus has a new mutation in one of the coat proteins, that just happens to resemble the structure of a normal human protein present in dendritic cells of the central nervous system. What do you predict may be an outcome of infection by this virus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The human immunodeficiency virus mounts a direct attack on T_H cells by recognizing the _______ proteins in the plasma membrane of these cells.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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