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What are opportunity costs in general? What are the opportunity costs for entrepreneurs?

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Opportunity costs capture the value of t...

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Managers must first develop a strategy that is likely to produce a competitive advantage before implementing a balanced scorecard approach.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates bundling?


A) Clean Brush Inc. sells its electric toothbrushes for a low cost, but charges a high price for replacement brushes.
B) Cumulus Media Inc. sells its cloud computing network by having customers pay for the service as they use it.
C) Sharp Cable Inc. sells its basic TV channels for free but charges high prices for any channels that customers add on later.
D) Fresh Seeds Inc. sells seed packages, in which a person can buy a package of three types of seeds at a discounted price compared to buying the seeds individually.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The cost of capital to create a product is a fixed cost because it is


A) directly proportional to the output level.
B) uniform throughout all firms and industries.
C) not a part of the profit calculations.
D) unaffected by consumer demand.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a disadvantage of measuring firm performance through total return to shareholders and firm market capitalization?


A) Market volatility makes it difficult to assess firm performance through these measures, particularly in the short-term.
B) These tools fail to indicate how the stock market views all available public information about a firm's expected future performance.
C) These tools measure competitive advantage in absolute terms rather than relative terms.
D) Only the book value of the share prices is taken into account when applying these measures, and not the market value.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Discuss the limitations associated with using accounting data to measure competitive performance.

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Although accounting data tend to be read...

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How does consumer demand affect fixed costs and variable costs?

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Fixed costs are independent of consumer ...

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________ is best described as a measure of how effectively capital is being used by a firm to generate revenue.


A) Return on revenue
B) Risk capital
C) Working capital turnover
D) Revenue per employee

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Explain how business models put strategy into action.

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Strategy is a set of goal-directed actio...

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What are the three financial ratios that constitute return on revenue, and what do they tell us?

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Return on revenue is broken down into th...

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Mobius Electronics incurs a cost of $350 to produce one unit of a cell phone. The company's management has priced the product at $600 in the market. Considering the technological advancement of the cell phone, customers perceive its value to be around $800. What is the economic value created in this scenario?


A) $350
B) $450
C) $800
D) $200

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Serena paid $900 for a camera that she thought was worth $1100 for all the features included in it. For the consumer electronics firm selling the camera, however, the cost of producing the camera was only $350. What is the consumer surplus in this scenario?


A) $900
B) $1,100
C) $550
D) $200

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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What is the relationship between producer surplus and consumer surplus?

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The difference between the price charged...

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In an economic context, strategy for producers is primarily about


A) distributing the economic value created equally between consumers and themselves.
B) reducing the difference between consumer's willingness to pay for a product and the cost to produce it.
C) capturing the economic value created as much as possible.
D) lowering producer surplus and increasing consumer surplus.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Economic value creation is best expressed as


A) producer surplus minus consumer surplus.
B) consumer surplus minus cost of production.
C) consumer surplus plus firm profit.
D) producer surplus plus firm profit.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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How does the triple-bottom line approach help managers? Explain with the help of an example.

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Student examples will vary. A sample res...

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The top management at Sunshine Vitamins, through rigorous testing, ensures that the company develops and sells vitamins that are free of harmful side effects. Also, the company ensures that the chemical waste generated in the manufacturing process is kept to a bare minimum and is disposed of according to the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency. The management assesses its overall performance based on these dimensions. Thus, the managers at Sunshine Vitamins are applying the ________ approach to measure firm performance.


A) economic value creation
B) shareholder value creation
C) triple-bottom-line
D) accounting profitability

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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What is risk capital?

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From the shareholders' perspective, the ...

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Competitive advantage goes to the firm that maximizes the difference between the cost of producing a good and the retail price that consumers pay.

A) True
B) False

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The value a consumer attaches to a product or service is captured in the


A) least price a consumer is willing to pay for it.
B) consumer's maximum willingness to pay for it.
C) expenses incurred by the firm in manufacturing it.
D) difference between the price charged for it and the cost to produce it.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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