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Exam 9: Aggression

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Question 1

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Discuss the statement "Unequal status breeds prejudice" and how it applies to U.S. history.

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The statement "Unequal status breeds prejudice" suggests that when there are disparities in power, wealth, and social status among different groups in society, it can lead to the development of prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviors. This concept applies to U.S. history in several ways. Throughout American history, various groups have experienced unequal status and the resulting prejudice. For example, African Americans have faced systemic racism and discrimination due to their unequal status as slaves and later as second-class citizens during the Jim Crow era. This unequal status has bred prejudice, leading to widespread discrimination and violence against African Americans. Similarly, other marginalized groups such as Native Americans, immigrants, and LGBTQ+ individuals have also faced prejudice as a result of their unequal status in society. The unequal treatment and lack of opportunities for these groups have perpetuated prejudiced attitudes and discriminatory behaviors. Furthermore, the concept of unequal status breeding prejudice can also be seen in the economic disparities that have existed in the U.S. Historically, wealth and social status have been concentrated among a privileged few, leading to the marginalization and mistreatment of those with lower economic status. In conclusion, the statement "Unequal status breeds prejudice" is evident throughout U.S. history, as various groups have experienced discrimination and mistreatment as a result of their unequal status in society. It is important to recognize and address these inequalities in order to combat prejudice and promote equality for all.

Question 2

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People's ideas about how men and women ought to behave are called ________, whereas people's beliefs about how women and men do behave are called ________.

A) gender preferences; gender roles
B) gender-role norms; gender stereotypes
C) sexist attitudes; sexist stereotypes
D) gender stereotypes; gender-role norms

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 3

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A woman is fired because the company is downsizing. When she arrives home that evening, she criticizes her partner's choice of restaurant for dinner. What term best describes her behavior?

A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people is called a(n)

On examining photographs of people in magazines and newspapers, Dane Archer and his associates (1983) discovered that about two-thirds of the average male photo, but less than half of the average female photo,

How are discrimination and the self-fulfilling prophecy concept related?

Abaeze assumes that women are good cooks. However, his friend is a successful entrepreneur and hardly knows cooking. Abaeze reasons that his friend is an exception to the rule and her hectic schedule does not permit her to learn cooking. In the context of prejudice, this scenario exemplifies

Cheng is 90 years old and is the oldest member in his family. He believes that his culture is superior to all other cultures and ethnic groups. He strictly adheres to his cultural traditions and expects other family members to do the same. He dislikes weakness and encourages his grandchildren to obey and respect authority. In the context of prejudice, this scenario illustrates

A group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup is called a(n)

A tendency to favor one's own group is called

"Motivations not only lead people to be prejudiced but also to avoid prejudice." Discuss this statement with examples.

Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. Yosef, who is of Jewish origin, joins her unit as a trainee. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. She tends to overpraise his achievements in order to avoid appearing biased. Consequently, because of the absence of genuine feedback, Yosef is not able to progress like other trainees. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates

What connection has been found in experiments exploring self-image and prejudice (Fein & Spencer, 1997; Spencer et al., 1998) ?

When the cause of our frustration is intimidating or unknown, we often redirect our hostility. This phenomenon is known as

Finn is the manager of a firm. He tends to give more opportunities to female employees than to male employees. He believes that women do their work more honestly than men. He also makes remarks such as "Women are highly intuitive" and "Women possess beauty with brains." In the context of prejudice, this scenario illustrates

Discuss how ingroup bias feeds favoritism.

Provide an example of hostile sexism and an example of benevolent sexism.

Byeong-ho does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. He is disheartened and feels frustrated but is unable to question his manager. Instead, when he returns home, he shouts at his son for playing video games. In the context of the motivational sources of prejudice, this scenario exemplifies

Social psychologist Jennifer Eberhart suggested that Nextdoor, the online neighborhood site, do what to reduce racial profiling, advice that turned out to be successful?

Explain how a belief in the just-world phenomenon might affect social services for people in poverty.