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As the competitive environment changes, strategic management must focus on different aspects of the organization. Recently, strategic management has moved from focusing on tangible resources to


A) fixed capital.
B) working capital.
C) intangible resources.
D) investment capital.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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According to the text, intellectual capital is the difference between the market value and the book value of a firm. Intellectual capital can be increased by


A) increasing retention of below average workers.
B) attracting and retaining knowledgeable workers.
C) decreasing labor costs.
D) increasing the turnover of employees.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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An advantage of effective social networks that might help in career success is


A) public information from personal contacts.
B) private information from personal contacts.
C) trustworthy public information.
D) untrustworthy private information.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Technical skills are a necessary and sufficient condition for hiring an employee.

A) True
B) False

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Technology can be used to leverage human capital and knowledge within organizations as well as with ________ and ________ beyond their boundaries.


A) employees; clients
B) customers; employees
C) customers; suppliers
D) employees; suppliers

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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One potential downside of building social capital in an organization is groupthink. This means everyone in the group thinks on his or her own and comes up with new ideas.

A) True
B) False

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Two software engineers working together on a computer code share their ________ knowledge to create new knowledge.


A) explicit
B) theoretical
C) tacit
D) easily reproduced

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The Cisco Integrated Workforce Experience (IWE) platform is a social business platform designed to facilitate ________ and ________ collaboration and decentralize decision making.


A) internal; network-side
B) external; personal
C) external; individual
D) internal; external

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Structural holes, according to Ron Burt of the University of Chicago, are the ________ gap between two groups and are common in organizations.


A) economic
B) social
C) interpersonal
D) relational

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Social capital has downsides. Which of the following is a downside?


A) High social capital may breed groupthink.
B) Socialization processes are inexpensive.
C) Individuals may be more willing to collaborate on joint projects.
D) Management commitment is easy to obtain.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A hiring agent offers a scientist approximately the same salary, facilities, equipment, and shared laboratory with 10 highly skilled and enthusiastic scientists. Part of the job is to collaborate with these peers and jointly develop promising drug compounds. This structure will create greater firm loyalty than one in which the hiring agent offers only monetary compensation.

A) True
B) False

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Tacit knowledge


A) is the same as explicit knowledge.
B) can be accessed only with the consent of the employees.
C) is found mostly at the lower levels of the organization.
D) can be codified but not reproduced.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Access Health, a call-in medical center, uses technology to capture and share knowledge. When someone calls the center, a registered nurse uses the company clinical decision architecture to assess the caller symptoms, rule out possible conditions, and recommend a home remedy, doctor visit, or trip to the emergency room. This is an example of using


A) tacit knowledge.
B) a knowledge asset.
C) a non-codified asset.
D) groupthink.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Knowledge-based resources tend to be more ________ in nature and therefore they are ________ difficult to protect against loss (i.e., the individual quitting the organization) than other types of capital, such as equipment, machinery, and land.


A) explicit; less
B) explicitly; more
C) tacit; more
D) tacit; less

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Attracting and retaining human capital is a challenge for many firms today. Firms experiencing high turnover should


A) focus on increased recruiting.
B) decrease money spent on human capital.
C) adopt effective retention strategies.
D) make their work environment less stimulating.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Dynamic capabilities include ________ development, alliances, and acquisitions.


A) after-market
B) product
C) idea
D) company

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Today, the loyalty of a knowledge worker to his or her employing firm has ________ compared to his or her loyalty to his or her profession and colleagues.


A) increased
B) remained the same
C) decreased
D) no correlation when

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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One of the most important elements in a good employee is his or her attitude. Firms should follow the adage: hire for attitude, train for skill.

A) True
B) False

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Why does employee turnover matter to a company? What are some of the reasons why employees leave and what might entice the desirable potential boomerang employee to return?

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Feedback: Employee turnover is expensive...

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Explicit knowledge is generally known to everyone in the firm and is not a critical concern of management.

A) True
B) False

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