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Reverse innovation occurs when a company develops a product that meets the needs of a developed country and then adapts it to the needs of the developing country.

A) True
B) False

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Because many countries are investing in countries other than their own, each country is becoming more autonomous and independent.

A) True
B) False

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Which one of the following is one of the Theodore Levitt assumptions supporting a pure global strategy?


A) Consumers are willing to pay more for specific product features.
B) Customer needs and interests are becoming more dissimilar.
C) MNCs can successfully compete globally by aggressively pricing products at the sacrifice of product features.
D) If the world markets are treated as heterogeneous, substantial economies of scale are easily achieved.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The need to attain economies of scale encourages multinational firms to operate under a multidomestic strategy.

A) True
B) False

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According to Euromoney's 2017 semi-annual "Country Risk Rating," which one of the following countries has the highest economic risk?


A) South Korea
B) China
C) Colombia
D) Argentina

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Statistics indicate that over half of the world output now comes from emerging markets. This is leading to a(n) ________ of living standards across the globe and is changing the face of business.


A) divergence
B) convergence
C) expansion
D) contraction

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the factors below has not made the software services industry in India extremely competitive on a global scale?


A) large pool of skilled workers
B) large, growing market and sophisticated customers
C) tax and antitrust legislation that protects the dominant players in the industry
D) large network of public and private educational institutions

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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A multidomestic strategy is the most appropriate strategy for international operations because it drives economies of scale as far as possible and provides a middle-of-the-road productthat appeals to the largest number of consumers in every market.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not a source of political risk in many countries?


A) the presence of social unrest
B) the presence of the rule of law
C) the presence of military turmoil
D) the presence of violent conflict

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A domestic corporation considering international expansion for the first time typically will follow which of these paths?


A) It will start by implementing a wholly owned foreign subsidiary.
B) It will implement a low-risk, low-control strategy such as exporting.
C) It will license or franchise its operations.
D) It will form a joint venture with a reputable foreign producer.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Shared Spanish colonialism is one reason that explains regionalism tendencies in


A) Asia.
B) South America.
C) the United States.
D) Africa.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following describes the most typical order of entry into foreign markets?


A) franchising, licensing, exporting, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
B) exporting, franchising, licensing, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
C) licensing, exporting, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary
D) exporting, licensing, franchising, joint venture, and wholly owned subsidiary

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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In Euromoney magazine's 2017 semi-annual "Country Risk Rating" evaluating political, economic, and other risks that entrants to international markets potentially face, which of the following countries have the next to the highest country economic risk?


A) South Africa and Russia
B) Singapore and China
C) Argentina and Bahrain
D) Kazakhstan and Colombia

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which one of the following explains why so few firms are global?


A) Culture, language, and religion are similar between countries.
B) Legal and political systems are similar between countries.
C) Governments are increasing trade restrictions in general.
D) Geographic distance is multiplied by distance in culture, language, religion, and legal and political systems.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Renault paid 1 billion USD to acquire a 25 percent ownership stake in the Russian automaker AvtoVAZ in 2008. Just one year later, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin threatened to dilutethe Renault ownership stake unless it contributed more money to prop up AvtoVAZ, which was then experiencing a significant slide in sales. This is an example of ________ risk.


A) currency
B) economic
C) political
D) management

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Many international firms are increasing their efforts to market their products and services to countries such as India and China as the ranks of their middle class continue to increase.

A) True
B) False

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When the U.S. dollar appreciates against other currencies, U.S. goods can be ________ to consumers in foreign countries but can have ________ implications for American companies with branch operations overseas.


A) less expensive, positive
B) more expensive, negative
C) less expensive, negative
D) more expensive, positive

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Which one of the following is nota strength of transnational strategies?


A) ability to attain economies of scale
B) ability to adapt to local markets
C) ability to locate activities in optimal locations
D) ability to decrease knowledge flows and learning

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Green tea Oreos in China, chocolate and peanut butter Oreos in Indonesia, and banana dulce de leche Oreos in Argentina are examples of Kraft using ________ strategy.


A) an international
B) amultidomestic
C) a single country
D) a transnational

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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________ are most appropriate when a firm already has the appropriate knowledge and capabilities that it can leverage rather easily through multiple locations in many countries.


A) Joint ventures
B) Strategic alliances
C) Licensing agreements
D) Wholly owned subsidiaries

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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