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To encourage buyers to stock inventory earlier than their normal demand would require,manufacturers often use


A) noncumulative discounts.
B) cumulative discounts.
C) seasonal discounts.
D) trade discounts.
E) functional discounts.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Five pricing practices are scrutinized because of potential unethical or illegal actions,including which of these?


A) predatory pricing
B) discount pricing
C) lateral price fixing
D) regional rollback pricing
E) delayed payment pricing

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Cash payments or an extra amount of "free goods" awarded sellers in the channel for undertaking certain advertising or selling activities to promote the product is referred to as a


A) promotional allowance.
B) promotional quantity discount.
C) seasonal discount.
D) promotional purchase inducement.
E) dynamic pricing policy.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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A trade-in allowance is


A) a noncash exchange of one product for another of equal or greater value.
B) a cash-back payment when a more expensive item is replaced with a less expensive item.
C) the return of money based on proof of purchase.
D) a cash payment to a retailer for extra in-store support or special featuring of the brand.
E) a price reduction given when a used product is part of the payment on a new product.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Vertical price fixing refers to


A) two or more competitors explicitly or implicitly setting prices.
B) the practice of charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
C) controlling agreements between independent buyers and sellers whereby sellers are required to not sell products below a minimum retail price.
D) a conspiracy among firms to set prices for a product or service.
E) a seller's requirement that the purchaser of one product also buy another product in the line.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Penetration pricing refers to


A) charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
B) setting the highest initial price that customers really desiring the product are willing to pay.
C) setting a low initial price on a new product to appeal immediately to the mass market.
D) setting a market price for a product or product class based on a subjective feel for the competitors' prices or market price.
E) setting prices a few dollars or cents under an even number.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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The owner of a store that sells custom kitchen cabinets wishes to use a target return-on-sales pricing approach to establish a price for a typical section of cabinets.Assume that variable costs total $200 per unit,fixed cost is $44,000,and the storeowner desires a target profit of 20 percent return on sales at an annual volume of 400 cabinets.What price should be charged for a typical cabinet section?


A) $263.50
B) $311.00
C) $387.50
D) $445.50
E) $775.00

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Product-line pricing involves determining the lowest-priced product and price,the highest-priced product and price,and


A) the single most popular item in the line.
B) the least vulnerable product in the line.
C) the most frequently sold product in the line.
D) the most price-insensitive product in the line.
E) the price differentials for all other products in the line.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The key to setting a final price for a product is finding an approximate price level to use as a reasonable starting point.Which of the following is one of four common approaches to selecting an approximate price level?


A) demand-oriented
B) cause-oriented
C) revenue-oriented
D) stakeholder-oriented
E) distribution-oriented

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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A new car dealer can reduce the list price of a new Ford F-150 pickup truck by offering you a ________ of $1,000 for your 2006 Nissan Altima.


A) cash discount
B) functional discount
C) seasonal discount
D) trade-in allowance
E) promotional allowance

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Incremental analysis might take the form of such questions as,"Should we extend our hours to include Sundays?" or "What if we put more apples in the pie?" The basic principle is that


A) as long as a marketing action breaks even,the action is worth taking.
B) expected incremental revenues from pricing and other marketing actions must more than offset incremental costs.
C) you "don't rock the boat" if your program is making a profit;"leave well enough alone."
D) if you are not willing to take risks,even if the numbers tell you otherwise,your business will ultimately fail.
E) marketing and finance are two different animals: "If it feels right in your gut-go for it."

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Amazon wanted lower retail prices for e-books to


A) lower royalties to authors.
B) eliminate distributors.
C) raise prices overall for printed books.
D) undermine its rival,Nook.
E) build its e-book business.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Controlling agreements between independent buyers and sellers whereby sellers are required to not sell products below a minimum retail price is called


A) competitive collusion.
B) price cooperation.
C) horizontal price fixing.
D) lateral price fixing.
E) vertical price fixing.

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements regarding odd-even pricing is most accurate?


A) Odd-even pricing is designed to give the consumer a better set of pricing alternatives.
B) Odd-even pricing can be used in conjunction with a skimming pricing strategy,but should not be used with a penetration pricing strategy.
C) Odd-even pricing does not work if the product is health care-related.
D) Overuse of odd-ending prices tends to mute its effect on demand.
E) Odd-ending prices are best used with large ticket items;it loses its effectiveness with moderate- to low-ticket items.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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What are three special adjustments to the list or quoted price?

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Three special adjustments to t...

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A dynamic pricing policy allows marketers to respond to


A) requests for allowances.
B) threats of discrimination.
C) success measures for the firm's previous promotions.
D) changes in demand,cost,and competitive factors.
E) inquiries by government agencies.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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What are the five most common deceptive pricing practices? Give an example of each one.

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The five most common deceptive pricing p...

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When Sherman bought gas,he noticed the convenience store offered him a 2 percent reduction in price if he paid cash rather than if he used his credit card to pay for his purchase.The convenience store was offering him a


A) trade discount.
B) cash discount.
C) promotional allowance.
D) rebate.
E) functional discount.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Which cost-oriented pricing method is based on the recognition that a product's unit costs predictably decline by 10 to 30 percent each time its production volume doubles?


A) experience curve pricing
B) cost-plus-percentage-of-cost pricing
C) capacity management pricing
D) standard markup pricing
E) derived demand pricing

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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Price deals that mislead consumers fall into the category of


A) predatory pricing.
B) deceptive pricing.
C) price discrimination.
D) caveat emptor.
E) resale price maintenance.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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