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In one variation of his original experiment,Milgram arranged for a confederate "clerk" (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence.As a result of this manipulation,


A) most teachers agreed to comply with the orders of their fellow group member.
B) the teachers competed with him and with each other for the role of leader.
C) participants became more positive about their roles in this cohesive group,and some even became enthusiastiC.
D) 80 percent of the teachers refused to comply fully.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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According to the text,personality predicts behavior when social influences are


A) obvious.
B) covert.
C) strong.
D) weak.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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When participants in Milgram's experiments wanted to quit,they were given


A) shocks to keep them going.
B) money as an incentive to keep going.
C) up to four verbal prods to keep them going.
D) a reward for being one of the few to disobey.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Conformity that occurs when people accept evidence about reality that is provided by other people is called


A) compliance.
B) acceptance.
C) normative influence.
D) informational influence.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Define and provide examples of both normative influence and informational influence.

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Normative influence refers to the influe...

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When is personality most likely to predict behavior?


A) in familiar situations
B) when looking at specific instances of behavior
C) when situations are weak
D) in collectivist cultures

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The Werther effect is most likely to occur


A) in older adults.
B) two to three months later.
C) in places where the suicide story is publicized.
D) during the winter.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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People are LEAST likely to conform when


A) they are in a group of four people.
B) the group is unanimous.
C) they have made a prior public commitment.
D) when the group is cohesive.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Normative influence leads to compliance,especially for those


A) in ambiguous situations.
B) who are comfortable in their roles.
C) who are seeking to climb a status ladder.
D) who are in positions of authority.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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A social role is


A) a cluster of norms.
B) separate from culture.
C) a weak influence on conformity.
D) a role that feels awkwarD.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Discuss the ethics of Milgram's study.

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Milgram's study has been the subject of ...

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Mullen and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking rate decreases in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate,especially if the non-jaywalker is well dressed.This is an example of the power of _______ on conformity.


A) unanimity
B) status
C) cohesiveness
D) co-morbidity

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In his classic study of _______,Sherif had participants in groups call out estimates of the distance that a small point of light appeared to move in a dark room.


A) obedience
B) group cohesiveness
C) norm formation
D) psychological reactance

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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According to Myers,an unchallenged assumption in individualistic Western nations is that _______ is good and _______ is bad.


A) uniqueness;similarity
B) similarity;uniqueness
C) individualism;conformity
D) conformity;individualism

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Group members who feel attracted to the group are more responsive to its influence.This fact illustrates the impact of _______ on conformity.


A) unanimity
B) status
C) cohesiveness
D) co-morbidity

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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At what point in the study does the "learner" in Milgram's study refuse to answer any additional questions?


A) 75 volts
B) 150 volts
C) 270 volts
D) 300 volts

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Several restaurant managers complied with orders from a telephone caller,posing as a police officer,to strip search a customer or employee.This is an example of the power of _______ on compliance.


A) group influence
B) personality factors
C) the closeness of the authority
D) the legitimacy of authority

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request,while privately disagreeing,is called


A) obedience.
B) acceptance.
C) cohesiveness.
D) compliance.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The names we choose for our children often express our


A) social roles.
B) desire for uniqueness.
C) self concept.
D) reaction formation.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which concept can explain the following facts: Patricia Hearst became a member of the Symbionese Liberation Army and later a homemaker;people randomly assigned to be the "boss" in a study solved fewer problems than did those assigned to be the "assistant";in Zimbardo's study guards tended to become more coercive over time.


A) dissonance
B) social roles
C) group structure
D) self-perception

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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