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Triplett (1898) conducted one of social psychology's first laboratory experiments by asking children to wind string on a fishing reel.The results of the study indicated that there was a positive relationship between the speed at which the children wound the reel and the presence of other children.Later studies found the same pattern and dubbed it


A) the groupthink effect.
B) the social facilitation effect.
C) social loafing.
D) deindividuation.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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List and describe each of the symptoms of groupthink.

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Groupthink is a psychological phenomenon...

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An example of someone who is involved with co-actors is


A) a runner in a race.
B) a runner surrounded by others jogging.
C) a group of people working on a class project.
D) someone involved with planning a party.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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People are more likely to exhibit social loafing if


A) their efforts are not rewarded.
B) rewards are divided according to individual effort.
C) rewards are divided equally regardless of individual effort.
D) they are individually monitoreD.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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You have noticed that when you are at the gym,your exercise routine is not affected by how many other people are there.However,it is affected when other people are watching you exercise.This pattern in your behavior is what social psychologists call


A) social facilitation.
B) mere presence.
C) evaluation apprehension.
D) social loafing.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group is called


A) central route persuasion.
B) peripheral route persuasion.
C) leadership.
D) the foot-in-the-door principle.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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You are in a group with the task of brainstorming a solution to a problem.How could you enhance your group's task?

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Enhancing a group's task during a brains...

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According to the text,physical anonymity _______ results in antisocial behavior.


A) always
B) sometimes
C) never
D) almost never

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Research by Lee et al.(2011) indicated that


A) women are more egalitarian than men.
B) men are more opposed to social hierarchies than women.
C) men are more egalitarian than women.
D) women are more likely to be task leaders than men.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which is NOT a factor in why other people create arousal in us?


A) apprehension
B) distraction
C) mere presence
D) vanity

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Individuals who believe that physician-assisted suicides should be legalized meet to discuss the issue.Research on group interaction suggests that after the discussion the individuals will be


A) more likely to question the wisdom of legalizing physician-assisted suicides.
B) even more convinced that physician-assisted suicides should be legalized.
C) sharply divided over whether physician-assisted suicides should be legalized.
D) opposed to the legalization of physician-assisted suicides.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The fact that people associate mostly with others whose attitudes are similar to their own suggests the prevalence of naturally occurring


A) social facilitation.
B) groupthink.
C) minority influence.
D) group polarization.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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When being observed increases evaluation concerns,_____ occurs.When being lost in a crowd decreases evaluation concerns _____ occurs.


A) social facilitation;social loafing
B) social loafing;social facilitation
C) groupthink;group polarization
D) group polarization;groupthink

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following circumstances contributes to people becoming deindividuated?


A) They are immersed in a large group.
B) They are physically anonymous.
C) They are involved in arousing,distracting activities.
D) All of the above

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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What underlying processes help to explain the occurrence of group polarization?


A) informational influences and normative influences
B) minority influences and social facilitation
C) psychological reactance and deindividuation
D) social comparison and self-censorship

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Explain the role of evaluation apprehension in both social facilitation and social loafing.

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Evaluation apprehension refers to the fe...

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Groups tend to loaf less when


A) the members of the group are friends.
B) they will never see each other again.
C) the members are dissimilar.
D) the members are strangers.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The presence of other improves an individual's performance on all of the following tasks EXCEPT


A) riding a bicycle.
B) crossing out designated letters.
C) eating.
D) completing mazes.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Consistent with what is known about group polarization,Schkade and Sunstein (2003) found that on federal appellate court cases,a Republican judge sitting with two other Republican judges voted _____ than when sitting with one Democratic judge.


A) more liberally
B) more conservatively
C) more predictably
D) less predictably

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following does NOT strengthen the group minority influence?


A) defections from the majority
B) self-confidence
C) consistency
D) open-mindedness

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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