Question 1

Sheppard and Vidmar (1980) had some students serve as witnesses to a fight,while others took the roles of lawyers and judges.When they had been interviewed by the defense lawyer,the witnesses

Accepted Answer

A)  gave testimony condemning the defendant as guilty.
B)  gained self-confidence and claimed to remember more details.
C)  gave testimony that was favorable to the defendant.
D)  were less susceptible to the misinformation effect.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most people will admit that pretrial publicity has influenced their ability to be impartial.
B)  The effect of pretrial publicity on jury members can be removed by a judge's instructions to disregard such publicity.
C)  A judge's orders to ignore inadmissible testimony can boomerang-adding to the impact of the testimony.
D)  Getting jurors to publicly pledge their impartiality eliminates the effect of pretrial publicity.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

The tendency for witnesses to incorporate misleading information into their memories is especially strong when

Accepted Answer

A)  suggestive questions are repeated.
B)  the questioner is female rather than male.
C)  the event was a traffic incident rather than a violent crime.
D)  the witness is low in need for cognition.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

City police found that Mr.Caldwell,an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank,correctly remembered many trivial details of the crime scene,including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall.Research findings suggest that Mr.Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Accepted Answer

A)  it is more likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer.
B)  it is less likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer.
C)  nothing in terms of his ability to correctly identify the murderer.
D)  it is more likely that he can also correctly identify the murderer,provided Mr.Caldwell is also highly educateD.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  When evidence is not highly incriminating,deliberating jurors become more lenient.
B)  If one person on a 12-person jury is consistent,persistent,and confident he or she will swing the majority 35% of the time.
C)  Due to the nature of jury deliberation,group polarization is highly unlikely.
D)  Individuals tend to recall trial information better than the overall jury does.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

Hastie,Penrod,and Pennington (1983) showed participants reenactments of an actual murder case,and asked them to deliberate until they agreed on a verdict.After deliberation,their initial leanings

Accepted Answer

A)  had weakened.
B)  had grown stronger.
C)  were inconsequential.
D)  did not change.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

People are most at risk for having highly confident,yet ultimately incorrect,recollections when recalling

Accepted Answer

A)  faces of another race.
B)  faces of another gender.
C)  faces from the same race.
D)  faces from the same gender.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Researchers have found that eyewitnesses' accuracy can improve when

Accepted Answer

A)  interrogators delay the interview at least one week.
B)  the witnesses scan a group of mug shots or a composite drawing before reviewing a lineup.
C)  they are presented with a sequence of individual people,one by one,instead of being presented with a group of photos or a lineup.
D)  the seriousness of the crime is highlighteD.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 9

What is meant by the "two-thirds-majority" scheme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two-thirds of all people asked refuse to serve on a jury.
B)  Two out of three times judges agree with the jury's decision.
C)  A two-thirds majority is a better rule than consensus for a jury to follow in reaching a verdict.
D)  The jury verdict is usually the alternative favored by at least two-thirds of the jurors at the outset.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Wells,Ferguson,and Lindsay (1981) had eyewitnesses to a staged theft rehearse their answers to questions before taking the witness stand.Doing so

Accepted Answer

A)  increased the accuracy of the eyewitness testimony.
B)  decreased the confidence of those who were correct.
C)  increased the confidence of those who were wrong.
D)  decreased the jurors' confidence in them.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following has been suggested as a strategy for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Give eyewitnesses a "blank" lineup that contains no suspects and screen out those who make false identifications.
B)  Minimize false identifications with instructions that acknowledge that the offender may not be in the lineup.
C)  Include one suspect and several known innocent people in the lineup rather than a group of several suspects.
D)  All of the aboveE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Summarize the evidence regarding the persuasiveness of eyewitness testimony.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the evidence regarding the persuasiveness of...

Question 13

Sam is a baby-faced,30-year-old doctor.According to your text,which of the following crimes would Sam mostly likely be found guilty of in a court of law?

Accepted Answer

A)  harassment
B)  first-degree murder
C)  grand-theft of an automobile
D)  rapeE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

What constructive steps can be taken to increase the accuracy and objectivity of jury
members?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What constructive steps can be taken to...

Question 15

If a witness fails to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person existing in the scene _____ is likely to occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness
B)  the misinformation effect
C)  an attribution error
D)  imagination inflationE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

Someone accused of a crime is judged more sympathetically

Accepted Answer

A)  by females than by males.
B)  if he or she appears to have personality characteristics that are complementary to the one who judges.
C)  if he or she appears similar to the one who judges.
D)  if there was a bystander who watched and did not intervene.E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Ellsworth and Mauro (1998) reported that gender seems to be linked with verdicts only in

Accepted Answer

A)  racially charged cases.
B)  rape and battered woman cases.
C)  personal injury awards in suits against businesses.
D)  murder cases.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

In an experiment conducted with the help of BBC Television,Wiseman (1998) reported that viewers saw the defendant played by either an attractive or an unattractive actor.How did the viewers react?

Accepted Answer

A)  More viewers "convicted" the attractive defendant.
B)  More viewers "convicted" the unattractive defendant.
C)  There was no difference in the conviction rates of the attractive and unattractive defendants.
D)  Baby-faced defendants were more often found guilty.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

A study of more than 3,500 criminal cases and some 4,000 civil cases found that _______ the judge agreed with the jury's decision.

Accepted Answer

A)  two out of three times
B)  three out of four times
C)  four out of five times
D)  nine out of ten timesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

According to the text,what factor helps explain why in acquaintance rape trials,men more often than women judge the defendant not guilty?

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity
B)  height
C)  status
D)  attractivenessE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

The tendency for witnesses to incorporate misleading information into their memories is especially strong when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that eyewitnesses' accuracy can improve when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Someone accused of a crime is judged more sympathetically

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a witness fails to detect that an innocent person entering a scene differs from another person existing in the scene _____ is likely to occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment conducted with the help of BBC Television,Wiseman (1998) reported that viewers saw the defendant played by either an attractive or an unattractive actor.How did the viewers react?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hastie,Penrod,and Pennington (1983) showed participants reenactments of an actual murder case,and asked them to deliberate until they agreed on a verdict.After deliberation,their initial leanings

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sheppard and Vidmar (1980) had some students serve as witnesses to a fight,while others took the roles of lawyers and judges.When they had been interviewed by the defense lawyer,the witnesses

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What constructive steps can be taken to increase the accuracy and objectivity of jury members?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is meant by the "two-thirds-majority" scheme?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

City police found that Mr.Caldwell,an eyewitness to a murder in a local bank,correctly remembered many trivial details of the crime scene,including the specific time on the clock and the paintings on the wall.Research findings suggest that Mr.Caldwell's recall of trivial details means

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ellsworth and Mauro (1998) reported that gender seems to be linked with verdicts only in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A study of more than 3,500 criminal cases and some 4,000 civil cases found that _______ the judge agreed with the jury's decision.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sam is a baby-faced,30-year-old doctor.According to your text,which of the following crimes would Sam mostly likely be found guilty of in a court of law?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wells,Ferguson,and Lindsay (1981) had eyewitnesses to a staged theft rehearse their answers to questions before taking the witness stand.Doing so

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following has been suggested as a strategy for reducing misidentifications in police lineups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People are most at risk for having highly confident,yet ultimately incorrect,recollections when recalling

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,what factor helps explain why in acquaintance rape trials,men more often than women judge the defendant not guilty?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the evidence regarding the persuasiveness of eyewitness testimony.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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