Question 1

When Fisher and his colleagues (1994) trained detectives to use the "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses,

Accepted Answer

A)  both the accuracy and the confidence of the eyewitnesses increased.
B)  the amount of information elicited from eyewitnesses increased 50 percent.
C)  the false memory rate increased 50 percent.
D)  the false memory rate increased slightly,but confidence increased dramatically.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

In order to promote accurate recall,the "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  specific questions about the event.
B)  guiding eyewitnesses to visualize the scene.
C)  advising witnesses about what others have said.
D)  flooding witnesses with mug shots right away.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Nearly all the states in the U.S.now have _______ statutes that prohibit or limit testimony concerning a rape victim's prior sexual activity.

Accepted Answer

A)  inadmissible rape testimony
B)  rape protection
C)  rape shield
D)  noE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Which one of the following is an indicator that can suggest accuracy in lineup identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  being an older eyewitness
B)  taking a long time to make an ID
C)  being very confident about an ID
D)  making a very quick identificationE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications _______ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Accepted Answer

A)  after a long deliberation
B)  confidently
C)  in less than 10-12 seconds
D)  and then changed themE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Summarize the arguments for and against the death penalty.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Summarize the arguments for and against the...

Question 7

Arthur is asked to imagine childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination.Afterwards,Arthur is convinced that the imagined event actually occurred.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness.
B)  blindsight.
C)  the post-identification feedback effect.
D)  imagination inflation.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

In what we now know to be a mistake,the U.S.Supreme Court declared in 1972 that among the factors to be considered in determining an eyewitness's accuracy is "the level of _______ demonstrated by the witness."

Accepted Answer

A)  impartiality
B)  interest
C)  certainty
D)  fluencyE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  jurors exert normative pressure.
B)  jurors share information.
C)  deliberation does not cancel out certain biases.
D)  deliberation can draw attention away from jurors' previous prejudgments of the evidence.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

Research on jury selection has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  there are specific questions lawyers can ask to weed out undesirable potential jurors.
B)  most jurors directly acknowledge their preconceptions during jury selection.
C)  evidence is a more potent determinant of verdicts than individual characteristics of jurors.
D)  it is easier to screen potential jurors when they are male.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Sunstein,Schkade,and Ellman (2004) found evidence that group polarization tendencies were exhibited in all the following areas except

Accepted Answer

A)  disability discrimination.
B)  affirmative action.
C)  review of environmental regulations.
D)  acquaintance rape.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Whose eyewitness testimony is probably the most reliable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Millie's report given immediately after a grocery store robbery.She was simply asked to tell the police what she saw.
B)  Fred's report given in court about a bank robbery a month ago.He has been interviewed several times by the defense attorney before appearing in court.
C)  Sue's report given immediately after observing an attempted rape.She was asked very specific questions by the police,who had identified a suspect immediately after the assault.
D)  All of these would be equally reliable.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury.The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction,but the witness might be discredited by the defense attorney.What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Put the eyewitness on the stand,since even a discredited eyewitness is more convincing than no eyewitness at all.
B)  Do not put the eyewitness on the stand,since a discredited eyewitness is worse than no eyewitness at all.
C)  Put the eyewitness on the stand but admit your reservations about the credibility of the eyewitness before the defense attorney raises the issue.
D)  Put the eyewitness on the stand only if he or she is attractive and similar to the jurors.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Support for capital punishment in the United States has _______ since 1994.

Accepted Answer

A)  fallen
B)  increased slightly
C)  remained stable
D)  increased significantlyE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Survey researchers sometimes assist defense attorneys by using "scientific jury selection" to eliminate individuals likely to be unsympathetic.Results indicated that in the first nine important trials in which the defense relied on such methods,it

Accepted Answer

A)  won all nine.
B)  won two.
C)  won seven.
D)  lost all nine.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

In researching over 1,700 defendants appearing in Texas misdemeanor cases,Downs and Lyons (1991) found that the judges _______ less attractive defendants.

Accepted Answer

A)  set lower bails for
B)  set greater fines for
C)  spent less time reviewing the cases of
D)  spent more time questioningE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Is it possible to "pick the right jury?" Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it possible to "pick the right...

Question 18

According to the text,simulated juries

Accepted Answer

A)  can help us formulate theories that we can then use to interpret the more complex world.
B)  are virtually identical to real juries.
C)  have been viewed by the majority of Supreme Court judges as valuable in predicting the behavior of actual juries.
D)  have mundane realism but not experimental realism.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Jury researcher Michael Saks (1998) reported that

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller juries more accurately recall trial testimony.
B)  larger juries more accurately recall trial testimony.
C)  smaller juries give more time to deliberations.
D)  larger juries are more likely to convict.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Studies of eyewitness testimony indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  jurors can discern whether eyewitnesses have mistakenly identified an innocent person.
B)  when witnessing conditions are poor,jurors do not usually believe eyewitness testimony.
C)  eyewitnesses who are shown to have poor eyesight have little effect on the jurors' judgment.
D)  false eyewitnesses are usually recognized by the jury.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 15: Social Psychology in Court

Research on the effects of group deliberation by a jury suggests all of the following EXCEPT that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nearly all the states in the U.S.now have _______ statutes that prohibit or limit testimony concerning a rape victim's prior sexual activity.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sunstein,Schkade,and Ellman (2004) found evidence that group polarization tendencies were exhibited in all the following areas except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Whose eyewitness testimony is probably the most reliable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jury researcher Michael Saks (1998) reported that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In researching over 1,700 defendants appearing in Texas misdemeanor cases,Downs and Lyons (1991) found that the judges _______ less attractive defendants.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to promote accurate recall,the "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses begins with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Survey researchers sometimes assist defense attorneys by using "scientific jury selection" to eliminate individuals likely to be unsympathetic.Results indicated that in the first nine important trials in which the defense relied on such methods,it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Fisher and his colleagues (1994) trained detectives to use the "cognitive interview" procedure for questioning eyewitnesses,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on jury selection has found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A prosecuting attorney is uncertain whether her eyewitness will seem credible to the jury.The eyewitness's testimony could help win a conviction,but the witness might be discredited by the defense attorney.What advice should the prosecutor accept?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what we now know to be a mistake,the U.S.Supreme Court declared in 1972 that among the factors to be considered in determining an eyewitness's accuracy is "the level of _______ demonstrated by the witness."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arthur is asked to imagine childhood events such as having the school nurse give him a vaccination.Afterwards,Arthur is convinced that the imagined event actually occurred.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,simulated juries

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following is an indicator that can suggest accuracy in lineup identification?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dunning and Perretta (2002) found that those eyewitnesses who made their identifications _______ were nearly 90 percent accurate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Is it possible to "pick the right jury?" Why or why not?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Support for capital punishment in the United States has _______ since 1994.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Summarize the arguments for and against the death penalty.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of eyewitness testimony indicate that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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