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Exam 3: Three Claims, four Validities: Interrogation Tools for Consumers of Research

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Question 31

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Dr.Ramon makes the following claim: "Watching television leads people to spend less time communicating with their spouses,study says." Dr.LaSalle makes the claim: "Research shows that making more money correlates with spending less time talking with your spouse." -Which type of claim is Dr.LaSalle making?

A) Anecdotal claim
B) Association claim
C) Causal claim
D) Frequency claim

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Question 32

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For the following three terms,create a manipulated operational definition for each: stress,personal space,and study skills.

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Regardless of the actual operational def...

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Question 33

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A dependent variable is one that:

How many variables are mentioned in this study/headline?

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class.In the study,the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem.Clarissa questions the study,saying,"I am not sure that I am convinced-I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study,saying,"Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish also is curious about the study,asking,"I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem.Could you predict one from the other?" -Clarissa's concern is addressing which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT a research claim?

Which of the following is a constant in this study/headline?

Dr.Kang,a cognitive psychologist,conducts an experiment examining the effect of emotion on memory.He provides lists of 15 words to two groups of participants at his university.He puts the names of all the participants in a hat.The first 20 names he assigns to Group A,and the last 20 he assigns to Group B.Group A is given a list of words that are very emotional in content (e.g. ,passion,murder) .Group B is given a list of words that are neutral in content (e.g. ,houseplant,desk) .He then measures how many words each group is able to remember after being distracted for 5 minutes by watching a video about the history of the university.He finds that Group A remembers 15% more words than Group B. -Which of the following makes Dr.Kang's study an experiment?

Anton is concerned that the researcher made a Type I error.What does that mean?

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children.You are curious as to whether peer pressure is really to blame (peer pressure encourages you to watch television and peer pressure encourages you to be aggressive) .You are questioning which of the following rules of causation?

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class.In the study,the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem.Clarissa questions the study,saying,"I am not sure that I am convinced-I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study,saying,"Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish also is curious about the study,asking,"I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem.Could you predict one from the other?" -Quinn's concern is addressing which of the following?

Dr.Hoda measures job satisfaction and number of years of education.In examining her scatterplot,she sees that the cloud of points has no slope.This indicates which type of relationship?

Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class.In the study,the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem.Clarissa questions the study,saying,"I am not sure that I am convinced-I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Quinn also questions the study,saying,"Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Manish also is curious about the study,asking,"I wonder how strong the relationship is between bullying and self-esteem.Could you predict one from the other?" -Manish's concern is addressing which of the following?

Dr.Kang,a cognitive psychologist,conducts an experiment examining the effect of emotion on memory.He provides lists of 15 words to two groups of participants at his university.He puts the names of all the participants in a hat.The first 20 names he assigns to Group A,and the last 20 he assigns to Group B.Group A is given a list of words that are very emotional in content (e.g. ,passion,murder) .Group B is given a list of words that are neutral in content (e.g. ,houseplant,desk) .He then measures how many words each group is able to remember after being distracted for 5 minutes by watching a video about the history of the university.He finds that Group A remembers 15% more words than Group B. -Dr.Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students.Which of the following validities is he prioritizing?

Which of the following phrases would NOT indicate that a researcher is making a causal claim?