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Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

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Question 31

True/False

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Projection bias causes problems in decision making because it limits our ability to develop appropriate criteria for a decision and evaluate decisions carefully.

A) True
B) False

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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As a team leader for C & C Engineering, Colin needs to choose the best possible candidate to head up a sensitive project. The client had worked with another engineering firm whose inexperience resulted in structural defects that need to be corrected, and now they have brought the project to Colin's firm. They want someone who can get up to speed on the project quickly and make sound decisions on the job. With little room for error, Colin's best choice for project manager would be

A) Wayne, who is known throughout the industry for his hard-nosed commitment to his ideas and his "my way or the highway" stance as a team leader.
B) Tori, who has proven to be a solid worker with the ability to work well with others, and who has shown up for work every day without fail for the past ten years.
C) Gayle, who graduated from one of the finest engineering programs in the country at the top of her class, and who has been a stellar performer with C & C ever since she joined the company two years ago.
D) Deborah, who has worked for the company for two decades and performed flawlessly, making herself known as someone who consistently delivers within her particular area of expertise.
E) Roland, who experienced a number of failures early in his career two decades ago, but went back to school and set out to learn his trade from the bottom up, taking on new and different projects along the way.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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________ defines the tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations.

Learning is moderately correlated with task performance.

Jerry and his brother Joe both work in manufacturing plants, but Jerry gets a regular paycheck, whereas Joe is paid according to the number of items he produces. The difference between the way that Jerry gets paid and the way Joe gets paid is the difference between ________ schedules.

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

________ is the tendency to rely too heavily on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.

Learning has a ________ effect on commitment.

The rational decision-making model offers a step-by-step approach to making decisions that maximizes outcomes by examining all available alternatives.

Thanks to donations from merchants in the community, an after-school club for disadvantaged children has introduced a new promotion: those who maintain a B average for the school year will each receive $100 in gift certificates from local businesses, such as an ice-cream parlor and a clothing store. This is an example of

Compare and contrast the five schedules of reinforcement. Provide an example of each.

Learning refers to the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.

What are the four contingencies of reinforcement? Explain each and provide an example.

Tracy and Tonya's business has enjoyed enormous growth, and they are not sure how to handle the growing list of back orders, so they sit down together to figure out what they should do. First they list the important criteria involved, then they write down all possible solutions. Having done so, they evaluate these alternatives against the criteria they have established, and after a great deal of discussion, they choose an alternative that they believe will yield the best results. Lastly, having made a decision, they set out to implement it. This is an example of

The self-serving bias occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors.

True learning only occurs when

Brad is widely acknowledged as one of the best sales trainers in the real estate business. He has often been described as having an intuitive grasp not only of real estate sales techniques, but also of the methods for teaching them. One day after a seminar, a new trainee named Tiffany approaches him and asks him to teach her how to do what he does. Dropping the friendly persona that was typical of his on-stage presence, he simply said "I can't," and walked out. Brad was

Building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence when a person has a(n)

Blaine's coworker, Tamika, has accused him of sexual harassment, but Blaine denies it. Though there is little evidence to support either person's claims, their supervisor, Yessi, is inclined to believe Tamika. She knows that Blaine had a DUI just a few years back, and he was once reprimanded for mismanaging company funds. Yessi's judgment is one of ________ attribution.

As Taryn likes to say, she may not love her job, but she loves getting paid every two weeks. Her paycheck is an example of