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Braxton-Hicks contractions are those that occur


A) during premature labor.
B) during false labor.
C) during true labor.
D) in smooth muscle near the uterus.
E) with the most painful intensity.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Describe the causes and effects of gastrointestinal ailments during pregnancy.

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Common complaints are nausea,heartburn,i...

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The process by which a blastocyst embeds within the uterine endometrium is known as


A) cleavage.
B) morulation.
C) implantation.
D) capacitation.
E) the acrosome reaction.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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True labor contractions increase with frequency over time,and pain from such contractions does not change in response to movement.

A) True
B) False

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Cleavage involves a series of ________ divisions and __________ in the overall size of the conceptus.


A) meiotic;an increase
B) meiotic;no change
C) meiotic;a decrease
D) mitotic;no change
E) mitotic;an increase

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The release of breast milk that occurs when a mother hears a crying child is called the milk ________ reflex.

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An alternate term for labor is ___________.

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The second trimester of a pregnancy includes months


A) 2-5
B) 4-6
C) 5-7
D) 5-9

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Define postpartum depression and describe what hormonal situation might be related to this condition.

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Postpartum depression is extre...

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As the fetus develops,the mother's glomerular filtration rate


A) increases by about 10%.
B) increases by about 40%.
C) decreases by about 10%.
D) decreases by about 40%.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Consider a mother with normal vision who has a son with red-green color blindness.The mother was a "carrier" of the affected gene,as she had a normal phenotype but


A) two recessive alleles.
B) two dominant alleles.
C) one dominant and one recessive allele.
D) a codominant set of alleles.
E) an incompletely penetrating genotype.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The uterine enlargement that occurs during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy is mostly the result of


A) growth of the conceptus from a zygote to a fetus.
B) amniotic fluid production as well as growth of uterine muscle and the placenta.

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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Which pathogen (within the mother) is most likely to be transmitted across the placenta


A) A multicellular parasite that is present during the first week of pregnancy
B) A multicellular parasite that is present during the sixth week of pregnancy
C) A blood-borne virus that is present during the first week of pregnancy
D) A blood-borne virus that is present during the sixth week of pregnancy

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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The future head and buttocks regions of the embryo are facilitated by the process of _____________ folding.


A) cleavage
B) cephalocaudal
C) transverse
D) amitotic
E) chorionic

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The hormone that signals that fertilization and implantation have taken place is


A) pluripotent prolactin.
B) human chorionic gonadotropin.
C) gonadotropin releasing hormone.
D) progesterone.
E) pre-embryonic pellucida factor.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Pain from false labor contractions tends to be more localized to the __________ abdomen than that experienced from contractions of true labor.


A) upper
B) lower

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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Which statement accurately describes the effects of oxytocin and prostaglandins on uterine contractions


A) Both oxytocin and prostaglandins stimulate uterine contraction.
B) Both oxytocin and prostaglandins inhibit uterine contraction.
C) Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions,but prostaglandins inhibit them.
D) Prostaglandins stimulate uterine contractions,but oxytocin inhibits them.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Sickle-cell disease exhibits strict dominant-recessive inheritance.

A) True
B) False

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Individuals who are described as heterozygous have different


A) genotypes than the predominant genotype.
B) genes for one trait on several chromosomes.
C) alleles for a particular trait.
D) parents who displayed two different phenotypes.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The third through eighth weeks of development are known as the ___________ period.


A) fetal
B) pre-embryonic
C) embryonic
D) cleavage

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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