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During pregnancy,estrogen and progesterone from the placenta


A) stimulate FSH and LH secretion and thereby stimulate ovarian follicle development.
B) inhibit FSH and LH secretion and thereby arrest ovarian follicle development.
C) stimulate GnRH secretion and thereby inhibit overgrowth of the uterus.
D) inhibit release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and thereby prevent excessive stress responses.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Mendelian inheritance specifies that if two heterozygous individuals mate,the chances that a child would be homozygous for the recessive allele would be


A) 25%.
B) 50%.
C) 75%.
D) impossible to predict.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which structure is an important site for early blood cell formation and is the first of the extraembryonic membranes to form


A) Amnion
B) Yolk sac
C) Chorion
D) Zona pellucida

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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After childbirth,lochia lasts for


A) 3-4 days.
B) 2-3 weeks.
C) 3-5 months.

D) All of the above
E) None of the above

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Release of breast milk occurs when the hormone __________ stimulates _________ cells to contract.


A) prolactin;mechanoreceptor
B) oxytocin;myoepithelial
C) estrogen;areolar
D) prolactin;mammary acini
E) oxytocin;suspensory

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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The germ layer between the ectoderm and the endoderm is the __________.

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Cleavage occurs during


A) the fetal period.
B) the pre-embryonic period.
C) organogenesis.
D) the embryonic period.
E) fertilization.

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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What thin membrane,continuous with the epiblast layer,secretes fluid to bathe the embryo


A) Chorion
B) Amnion
C) Yolk sac
D) Corona radiata

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Increased levels of estrogen,progesterone,and corticosteroids result in increased insulin resistance during preganancy.

A) True
B) False

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Growth of the functional layer and prevention of menstruation during pregnancy are brought about by secretion of


A) relaxin.
B) progesterone.
C) cortisol.
D) human chorionic thyrotropin.
E) human placental lactogen.

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Which type of food do women suffering from morning sickness generally prefer


A) Carbohydrate-rich foods
B) Protein-rich foods

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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Endometrial tissue,blood,and mucus are released from the uterus after childbirth as ___________.

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The display of chromosome pairs arranged by size and similar features is known as the


A) genotype.
B) Punnet square.
C) karyotype.
D) heredity gel.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The hypoblast layer of the blastodisc is made of


A) columnar cells and forms during the morula stage.
B) columnar cells and forms during gastrulation.
C) cuboidal cells and forms during the fetal period.
D) cuboidal cells and forms during the pre-embryonic period.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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During pregnancy,a woman's areolae and nipples become darker under the influence of


A) melanin from the pineal gland.
B) vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland.
C) melanocyte-stimulating hormone from the placenta.
D) estrogen and progesterone from the ovary.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Shortly after birth the pressure within the right side of the heart rises.

A) True
B) False

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At the 16-cell stage,the conceptus is known as a(n)


A) trophoblast.
B) blastocyst.
C) embryoblast.
D) morula.
E) zygote.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Typically,at the moment a full-term baby is born,the child's lungs are


A) fully inflated due to practice respiratory movements in the womb.
B) not fully inflated,but they will inflate within about ten seconds.
C) not fully inflated,and will not inflate fully for ten days,when surfactant production begins.

D) All of the above
E) B) and C)

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To prepare for the strain of labor and delivery,female reproductive hormones cause ligaments of pelvic joints to tighten.

A) True
B) False

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Stretching of the cervix causes oxytocin secretion to


A) increase.
B) decrease.

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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