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Difficulty with breathing that may accompany physical exertions of a pregnant woman is called __________.

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Breast milk contains large amounts of vitamin D.

A) True
B) False

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Hormonal and neural changes during pregnancy function to facilitate diffusion of gases across the placenta.One way this occurs is by _________ respiration rate,thereby __________ CO2levels in the blood.


A) increasing;raising
B) increasing;lowering
C) decreasing;raising
D) decreasing;lowering

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Shortly after birth,the foramen ovale of the fetal heart ceases to function as an open pathway for blood.

A) True
B) False

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During pregnancy,the levels of CRH and aldosterone within a mother's blood decline.

A) True
B) False

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Which structure develops directly into a bilaminar germinal disc


A) Trophoblast
B) Embryoblast
C) Morula
D) Cytotrophoblast

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Presence of hCG in a woman's urine indicates that she is pregnant.

A) True
B) False

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The process by which the three primary germ layers are formed during the third week of development is known as __________.

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After childbirth,a woman's aldosterone levels ________ which results in _________ urine volume.


A) increase;increased
B) increase;decreased
C) decrease;decreased
D) decrease;increased

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Compared to breast milk,colostrum contains


A) more fat and more immunoglobulins.
B) more fat but less immunoglobulins.
C) less fat but more immunoglobulins.
D) less fat and less immunoglobulins.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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At the start of gastrulation,a long,thin depression known as the primitive __________ forms on the surface of the epiblast.


A) furrow
B) node
C) streak
D) groove
E) yolk

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which is the larger of the sex chromosomes and is more commonly involved in sex-linked inheritance


A) The X chromosome
B) The Y chromosome

C) A) and B)
D) undefined

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What is the approximate duration of the fetal period of development


A) 4 weeks
B) 12 weeks
C) 29 weeks
D) 39 weeks

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Changes in the size of the uterus during pregnancy are due to


A) hypertrophy but not hyperplasia.
B) hyperplasia but not hypertrophy.
C) both hypertrophy and hyperplasia.

D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

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Neurulation is the development of the nervous system from the


A) endoderm.
B) mesoderm.
C) ectoderm.
D) hypoderm.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Substances that can cause birth defects or the death of the embryo are referred to as __________.

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Progesterone makes the uterine myometrium more irritable.

A) True
B) False

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Within the bilaminar germinal disc,the layer of columnar cells that is adjacent to the amniotic cavity is the _________ layer.

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By the 4th month of pregnancy,the fundus of the uterus is located inches below the ________ and by the ninth month it is located at the level of the ____________.


A) urinary bladder;umbilicus
B) umbilicus;xiphoid process
C) diaphragm;laryngeal prominence
D) pubic symphysis;heart

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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In nonpregnant women,____________ inhibits secretion of substantial amounts of prolactin.


A) GnRH
B) dopamine
C) estrogen
D) progesterone

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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