Question 1

Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase.
B)  decrease.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 2

Fluid imbalances are more common in individuals with a _________ percentage of body fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  high
B)  lowC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 3

A substance that dissociates in water to form cations and anions is called a nonelectrolyte.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The stimulus that directly triggers release of ANP is

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased pressure detected by baroreceptors in the aorta and carotid arteries.
B)  increased stretch of the heart atria.
C)  increased saltiness in the cerebrospinal fluid bathing the hypothalamus of the brain.
D)  increased saltiness of tubular fluid in the proximal convoluted tubule.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which type of intake accounts for most of our daily fluid intake

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic water
B)  Preformed waterC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 6

Which statement accurately describes the permeability to water of the cell membrane and the capillary wall

Accepted Answer

A)  Both the plasma membrane and the capillary wall are permeable to water.
B)  The plasma membrane is permeable to water,but the capillary wall is not.
C)  The plasma membrane is not permeable to water,but the capillary wall is.
D)  Neither the plasma membrane nor the capillary wall is permeable to water.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 7

When the pH of the ECF decreases,K+starts to move from the

Accepted Answer

A)  ECF to the ICF.
B)  ICF to the ECF.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 8

Both intracellular proteins (such as hemoglobin)and extracellular proteins (such as plasma proteins)can act as chemical buffers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The most abundant cation within cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium.
B)  potassium.
C)  calcium.
D)  chloride.
E)  magnesium.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H+levels is to increase the activity of type

Accepted Answer

A)  A cells to secrete more bicarbonate.
B)  A cells to secrete less bicarbonate.
C)  B cells to secrete more bicarbonate.
D)  B cells to secrete less bicarbonate.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

The most common type of acid-base imbalance is

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis.
B)  metabolic alkalosis.
C)  respiratory acidosis.
D)  respiratory alkalosis.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety,the CO2concentration in their blood decreases;this causes __________ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase
B)  a decrease
C)  no changeD) A) and B)
E) B) and C)

Question 13

Aldosterone exerts effects on principal cells of the kidney by causing

Accepted Answer

A)  increased levels of cAMP and increases in the total number of Na+channels.
B)  decreased levels of cAMP and decreases in the number of open K+channels.
C)  increased numbers of Na+/K+pumps.
D)  decreased numbers of Na+/K+pumps.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Runners who drink too much water before a marathon run a risk of water intoxication,also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes insipidus.
B)  volume excess.
C)  hypotonic hydration.
D)  volume depletion.
E)  hypertonic ascites.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 15

If a physiologic condition resulted in blood pH reaching 7.2,but then physiological buffering systems brought the pH to 7.4,that increase in pH would be called

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis.
B)  alkalosis.
C)  compensation.
D)  imbalance.
E)  partial noncompensation.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 16

The thirst center of the brain is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  hippocampus.
B)  hypothalamus.
C)  occipital lobe.
D)  pons.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Emphysema causes a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane and thereby leads to respiratory

Accepted Answer

A)  acidosis.
B)  alkalosis.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 18

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the _________ and released from the _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary;posterior pituitary
B)  anterior pituitary;hypothalamus
C)  hypothalamus;posterior pituitary
D)  hypothalamus;anterior pituitaryE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

In order for a state of fluid balance to be achieved,obligatory water loss must equal facultative water loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

When blood starts to become more alkaline than normal,the renal tubules begin to

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete bicarbonate and H+through type B cells.
B)  secrete bicarbonate while reabsorbing H+in exchange through type B cells.
C)  secrete H+while reabsorbing bicarbonate in exchange through type A cells.
D)  absorb bicarbonate and H+through type A cells.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

When blood starts to become more alkaline than normal,the renal tubules begin to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H+levels is to increase the activity of type

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid imbalances are more common in individuals with a _________ percentage of body fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A substance that dissociates in water to form cations and anions is called a nonelectrolyte.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of intake accounts for most of our daily fluid intake

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement accurately describes the permeability to water of the cell membrane and the capillary wall

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drinking a liter of water will cause the osmolarity of blood plasma to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a physiologic condition resulted in blood pH reaching 7.2,but then physiological buffering systems brought the pH to 7.4,that increase in pH would be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both intracellular proteins (such as hemoglobin)and extracellular proteins (such as plasma proteins)can act as chemical buffers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety,the CO2concentration in their blood decreases;this causes __________ in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The thirst center of the brain is located in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone exerts effects on principal cells of the kidney by causing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order for a state of fluid balance to be achieved,obligatory water loss must equal facultative water loss.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Runners who drink too much water before a marathon run a risk of water intoxication,also known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emphysema causes a decrease in the surface area of the respiratory membrane and thereby leads to respiratory

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stimulus that directly triggers release of ANP is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most abundant cation within cells is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common type of acid-base imbalance is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the _________ and released from the _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the pH of the ECF decreases,K+starts to move from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Renal compensation to a decrease in blood H⁺levels is to increase the activity of type

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety,the CO₂concentration in their blood decreases;this causes __________ in blood pH.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the _ and released from the _.

Correct Answer
verified

When the pH of the ECF decreases,K⁺starts to move from the

Correct Answer
verified