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Exam 8: Joints of the Skeletal System

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Question 21

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In craniosynostosis, the bones of the skull fuse together at the sutures prematurely, causing the brain to grow abnormally. Why would this cause abnormal brain growth?

A) The sutures are amphiarthrotic and slightly move during brain growth, so the plates of the skull can easily move to suit any direction of brain growth. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this free movement.
B) Because the sutures contain ligaments, blows to the skull can be absorbed by plate movement. Removal of the sutures will cause any slight blow to damage the brain.
C) The sutures are synarthrotic and do not move, only allowing expansion from within as the brain grows to fill the brain case. Fusion at the sutures will prevent this expansion.
D) Sutures are large gaps between bones that are filled with synovial fluid. This synovial fluid allows for the brain to expand into the spaces. Ossification of the sutures would prevent the expansion of the brain.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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A patient is experiencing joint inflammation and pain. They undergo an arthrocentesis and their physician discovers cloudy, pus-filled synovial fluid. Which of these conditions is most likely occurring?

A) Osteoarthritis
B) A sprain
C) Bacterial joint infection
D) Gout

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 23

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As you climb a tree, you pull your thigh sideways (spreading your legs apart)to rest your foot on a nearby branch. This thigh movement is adduction.

You turn your head to look at something. What type of joint movement is this?

A person works an office job that requires them to be in a sitting position for 10 hours a day. They go home and sit until they go to bed. This person never exercises and rarely gets up to move around after being seated. Their joints begin to constantly feel stiff and painful. On a physiological level, what has happened to cause these symptoms?

The TMJ (temporomandibular joint)is composed of the upper condyle of the mandible, which fits into the temporal bone. These two surfaces exist in a capsule and are surrounded by a thin membrane that secretes a lubricating fluid. This means that the TMJ is a fibrous joint.

Activity and exercise

A shiny, vascular lining of loose connective tissue that forms the inner layer of the joint capsule is the ________ membrane.

A ________ joint is found between a metacarpal and its adjacent phalanx.

Your friend trips and you lift your hand to help them up. In the process, you rotate your forearm so that your palm faces upward. This forearm movement is supination.

The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint.

The ball-and-socket joint of the hip is replaced with a pivot joint in which the femur is directly planted into the acetabulum. What movement(s) is/are now the only one(s) possible?

Connie recently celebrated her 45ᵗʰ birthday. She feels okay most of the day, but in the morning, for about a half hour after she gets out of bed, all of her joints feel stiff. This is due to

A joint capsule is reinforced by

A yoga move in which a foot is grasped and the leg is brought upward so the foot touches the buttock is an example of ________ at the knee joint.

The largest and most complex synovial joint is the

The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by ________ that act as shock absorbers.

Which of the following is an infection?

The type of synovial joint in which only rotation may occur is a pivot joint.

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous joint?