Question 1

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-)  to nitrogen gas (N2)  is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis
B)  ammonification
C)  denitrification
D)  nitrogen fixation
E)  nitrificationF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Scientists have learned the full extent of viral abundance on earth because

Accepted Answer

A)  the final step of the viral life cycle, release of mature viruses and cell lysis, releases millions of viruses.
B)  metagenomic sequencing has identified viruses in a broad variety of environments.
C)  a wide variety of microbes is available to act as hosts for these viruses.
D)  viruses are known to grow on all life forms: animal, plant, fungi, and bacteria.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The study of the practical uses of microbes in various industries and technologies is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  applied microbiology
B)  bioengineering
C)  industrial microbiology
D)  biotechnology
E)  microbial ecologyF) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Methane is a significant part of the carbon cycle in ______ environments dominated by methanogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophic
B)  anaerobic
C)  thermophilic
D)  oligotrophicE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 5

The three components that interact for one health are

Accepted Answer

A)  the environment, humans, and animals.
B)  prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses.
C)  producers, consumers, and decomposers.
D)  bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 6

When methanogens convert carbon dioxide to methane, it is a(n)  ______ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic
B)  oxidation
C)  reduction
D)  ammonificationE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

You have drained a pond on your property to make it deeper.In the process of using a machine to dig, you find that the mud is black and smells terrible.Your prediction is that ______ bacteria predominate in this area of the mud.

Accepted Answer

A)  	denitrifying
B)  	sulfur-reducing
C)  	sulfur-oxidizing
D)  	nitrifying
E)  	nitrogen-fixingF) None of the above
G) A) and B) B

Question 8

Which of the following organisms anaerobically reduces sulfates to hydrogen sulfide or metal sulfide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
B)  Nitrosococcus
C)  Desulfovibrio
D)  Thiobacillus thiooxidans
E)  RhizobiumF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle, including boron, chromium, manganese, and cobalt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

How are the sulfur cycle and the phosphate cycle interconnected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphate is the nutrient source used by sulfur oxidizers.
B)  Sulfite is the nutrient used by phosphate reducers.
C)  Sulfate and phosphate react together to produce amino acids for protein production.
D)   Phosphate is released from rock and soil by sulfuric acid.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  bioremediation
B)  decomposition
C)  synergism
D)  recycling
E)  mineralizationF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Both energy and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which environment represents the largest pool of microbial genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rainforest
B)  Freshwater lakes
C)   Oceans
D)   Soil
E)   Humans and animalsF) B) and D)
G) A) and C) C

Question 14

Carbon dioxide (CO2)  is

Accepted Answer

A)  removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
B)  a source of carbon for autotrophs.
C)  returned to the atmosphere during respiration and fermentation.
D)  used by marine organisms to make limestone for their hard shells.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 15

Phytoplankton is composed of protozoa and small invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Considering the increase in tick-borne diseases in the context of "One Health," which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Borrelia, Babesia, and Ehrlichia can rapidly adapt to changing insect vectors, thereby increasing their populations as they move from ticks to mosquitoes.
B)  Ticks carrying multiple pathogens reproduce at a slower rate, rendering them less likely to infect humans.
C)   Lyme disease has spread from deer to humans upon increasing development of the forested environments usually inhabited by deer.
D)  Ticks carrying Borrelia are likely to encounter hosts already infected with Babesia or Ehrlichia, resulting in ticks that co-infect with multiple pathogens.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

You are preparing a garden and want to provide the best environment for your plants.Which of the following would you add to the potting soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sulfur oxidizers
B)  Coliform bacteria 
C)  Mycorrhizae inoculant
D)  BacteriophageE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Eutrophication

Accepted Answer

A)  restricts the O2 supply to water below the surface.
B)  is characterized by heavy surface algal blooms.
C)  occurs when there are excess nutrients in aquatic ecosystems.
D)  causes massive die-off of fish and invertebrates.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

There are very few viruses in aquatic environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 20

The advantage of nitrogen fixation to the host plant is

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to synthesize amino acids and proteins from the ammonia produced.
B)   the production of nucleotides required for nucleic acid synthesis.
C)   the production of antibiotics that protect the plant against pathogenic soil bacteria.
D)   the ability to use nitrogen gas instead of oxygen gas in cellular respiration, particularly when the soil is compacted.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 24: Microbes and the Environment

The conversion of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2) is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists have learned the full extent of viral abundance on earth because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The study of the practical uses of microbes in various industries and technologies is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Methane is a significant part of the carbon cycle in ______ environments dominated by methanogens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three components that interact for one health are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When methanogens convert carbon dioxide to methane, it is a(n) ______ reaction.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have drained a pond on your property to make it deeper.In the process of using a machine to dig, you find that the mud is black and smells terrible.Your prediction is that ______ bacteria predominate in this area of the mud.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following organisms anaerobically reduces sulfates to hydrogen sulfide or metal sulfide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemical elements needed in trace amounts for biochemical reactions have a biogeochemical cycle, including boron, chromium, manganese, and cobalt.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are the sulfur cycle and the phosphate cycle interconnected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using microbes to break down or remove toxic wastes in water and soil is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both energy and nutrients cycle through an ecosystem.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which environment represents the largest pool of microbial genes?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Phytoplankton is composed of protozoa and small invertebrates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering the increase in tick-borne diseases in the context of "One Health," which of the following statements is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are preparing a garden and want to provide the best environment for your plants.Which of the following would you add to the potting soil?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Eutrophication

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are very few viruses in aquatic environments.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The advantage of nitrogen fixation to the host plant is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The conversion of nitrate (NO₃^-) to nitrogen gas (N₂) is called ______.

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B

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C

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is

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False

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