Question 1

Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Corynebacterium diphtheriae are highly pathogenic, and the disease symptomology can be very severe.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants and children are the high-risk groups, and their mortality rate is higher than for other ages.
B)  Both bacteria produce potent exotoxins.
C)  They induce autoimmune states in the patients.
D)  There are no antibiotics useful for diseases caused by these bacteria.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above B

Question 2

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a/an ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  chest X ray
B)  acid-fast stain of sputum
C)  sputum culture
D)  tuberculin skin test
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

The causative organism of whooping cough is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bordetella pertussis
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)  Haemophilus influenzae
D)  Streptococcus pyogenes
E)  Cornyebacterium diphtheriaeF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, although there is a lot of push-back or pressure against doing this.Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   No other kinds of drugs and antibiotics can kill the bacteria causing otitis media other than the broad- spectrum class of drugs.
B)   The narrow-spectrum drugs are very toxic as opposed to the rather benign broad-spectrum ones.
C)  Otitis media is often caused by a variety of bacteria growing together in a biofilm, and the bacteria often exhibit different susceptibilities to drugs.
D)   Fungi are the most common cause of otitis media, and the fungi do not respond well to the narrow-spectrum drugs.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Which of the following does not describe S.pyogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Group A streptococcus
B)  Gram-positive
C)   Forms endospores
D)  Sensitive to bacitracin
E)  Beta-hemolyticF) A) and E)
G) A) and D) C

Question 6

Which opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcus neoformans
B)  Candida albicans
C)  Malassezia furfur
D)  Pneumocystis (carinii)  jiroveciE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Pneumonias have different signs and symptoms depending on whether they are classified as CAP or HCAP.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Annual influenza vaccinations are important for all individuals because

Accepted Answer

A)  	the virus is stable so once the vaccine is administered, protection from antibodies is lifelong.
B)  	the vaccine prevents secondary infections in individuals with influenza.
C)  	the oral-fecal transmission route makes it easy to pass to others.
D)  	the highly contagious nature of the virus means that transmission from a robust individual to those with a weaker  immune system, such as the young or the elderly, is facilitated in crowded winter conditionsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Cold viruses are transmitted by _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet contact
B)   indirect contact
C)  direct contact
D)   All of the choices are correct.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Diphtheria is considered to be an upper respiratory tract infection.However, it can have a very high mortality rate if not caught early and treated.Predict why this is so.

Accepted Answer

A)   It makes a toxin that can be carried in blood and produce organ damage, particularly the heart.
B)   It successfully hides from the immune system of the patient.
C)   The patient cannot eat or drink and so basically starves to death.
D)   The bacterium moves from the throat to the brain, causing strokes to occur.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Extrapulmonary TB is more common in

Accepted Answer

A)  young children and immunosuppressed patients.
B)  the elderly.
C)  organ transplant patients.
D)  AIDS patients.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Virulence factors of S.pyogenes include

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides on the cell wall.
B)  lipoteichoic acid.
C)  spiky M proteins.
D)  hyaluronic acid capsule.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

The trachea, due to its location in the body, is considered to be part of both the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Accepted Answer

A)  causes high fever, pneumonia, and respiratory distress.
B)  began with an initial outbreak in the United States and then spread to Canada and China.
C)  is caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.
D)   is classified as an opportunistic infection.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin V
B)  eryrthromycin
C)  tetracyline
D)  vancomycin
E)  KetekF) A) and D)
G) A) and C) E

Question 16

The difference between MDR-TB and XDR-TB is that

Accepted Answer

A)  XDR-TB is predominantly seen in the USA whereas MDR-TB is common in India and China.
B)  MDR-TB exhibits resistance to isoniazid and rifampin whereas XDR-TB strains are resistant to bedaquiline.
C)  MDR-TB strains have a higher mortality rate than XDR-TB strains.
D)   MDR-TB strains are classified as having resistance to two antibiotics, whereas XDR-TB strains are classified when they are resistant to four antibiotics.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  DTaP
B)  Pneumovax
C)  MMR
D)  HibE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endotoxin
B)  Tracheal cytotoxin
C)  M protein
D)  Pertussis toxin
E)  Filamentous hemagglutininF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the elderly.
B)  those with underlying lung disease and viral infections.
C)  patients without a spleen.
D)  adolescents and young adults.
E)  young infants.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Both Streptococcus pyogenes and Corynebacterium diphtheriae are highly pathogenic, and the disease symptomology can be very severe.Why is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

A diagnosis of tuberculosis involves a/an ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The causative organism of whooping cough is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Otitis media is commonly treated with broad spectrum antibiotics, although there is a lot of push-back or pressure against doing this.Why are these drugs given for this condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not describe S.pyogenes?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which opportunist is the most frequent cause of life-threatening pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pneumonias have different signs and symptoms depending on whether they are classified as CAP or HCAP.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Annual influenza vaccinations are important for all individuals because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cold viruses are transmitted by _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diphtheria is considered to be an upper respiratory tract infection.However, it can have a very high mortality rate if not caught early and treated.Predict why this is so.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Extrapulmonary TB is more common in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence factors of S.pyogenes include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The trachea, due to its location in the body, is considered to be part of both the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drug-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are now treated with ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedE

The difference between MDR-TB and XDR-TB is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vaccine for immunity to Haemophilus influenzae serotype b is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who have received the BCG immunization will generally have a negative tuberculin skin test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People at greatest risk for pneumococcal infections include all the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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E

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