Question 1

Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas
B)  Candida
C)  Prevotella
D)  Acinetobacter
E)  StaphylococcusF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 2

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils
B)  basophils
C)  mononuclear cells
D)  polymorphonuclear leukocytes
E)  antibodiesF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 3

The high mortality rate for patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB is due in part because of the severe side effects from the daily multidrug regimen and the stimulation of a strong cell-mediated immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Symptoms of influenza include

Accepted Answer

A)  nasal discharge, mild fever, and absence of cough.
B)  fever, diarrhea, and vomiting.
C)  fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge.
D)  fever, sore throat, rash, and cough.
E)  fever and pneumonia.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except

Accepted Answer

A)  live bacilli can remain dormant in the lungs and reactivate later in life.
B)  symptoms of active TB include low-grade fever, coughing, fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats.
C)  lung infection can disseminate to many other organs in extrapulmonary TB.
D)  the BCG vaccine is used in other countries.
E)  antimicrobials cannot treat and cure tuberculosis.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except

Accepted Answer

A)  the reservoir is human carriers.
B)  it is a zoonosis.
C)  symptoms are abrupt fever, lung edema, respiratory distress, and hypotension.
D)  it is transmitted by aerosol transmission from rodent excreta.
E)  the first U.S.outbreak occurred in 1993 in the southwest.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 7

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  scarlet fever
B)  otitis media
C)  rheumatic fever
D)  glomerulonephritisE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

What features of the respiratory system protect it from infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nasal hairs
B)  Cilia
C)  Mucus
D)  Macrophages
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 9

Legionella pneumophila

Accepted Answer

A)  requires special lab growth media.
B)  often lives intracellularly in amoebas.
C)  causes fever, cough, and diarrhea.
D)  always causes a severe pneumonia.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in cases of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  diphtheria
B)  pharyngitis
C)  tuberculosis
D)  pertussis
E)  SARSF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 11

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Legionellosis
B)  Pertussis
C)  Brucellosis
D)  Plague
E)  Traveler's diarrheaF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  enterotoxins
B)  hemolysins
C)  toxic shock syndrome toxin
D)  exfoliative toxin
E)  erythrogenic toxinF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

Pertussis has been making a big comeback in the last few years, after being on the decline for quite a long time.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Few people have ever received pertussis vaccines because there have been links to autism.
B)   The strain of Bordetella pertussis that is now the major cause of pertussis is much more virulent than earlier strains.
C)   The pertussis vaccine does not seem to protect for a lifetime, so those who received the vaccine as kids may become susceptible in adulthood.
D)   People eat so much refined sugars and starches that our immune systems are much weaker, thereby not being able to adequately protect against pertussis bacteria.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  capsule
B)  metachromatic granules
C)  exotoxin
D)  endospores
E)  endotoxinF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple antibiotics must be taken in the daily regimen.
B)  the daily multidrug regimen lasts up to 9 months.
C)  many TB patients live in less-than ideal circumstances.
D)  All of the above contribute to the development of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

The major reservoir for the hantavirus is the deer mouse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secondary infections can occur during the convalescent phase.
B)  It is caused by a small, aerobic, gram-negative rod.
C)  Incubation period is 3-21 days.
D)  Cold-like symptoms are common for the paroxysmal stage.
E)  An uncontrollable cough occurs during the paroxysmal stage.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Respiratory syncytial virus

Accepted Answer

A)  causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger.
B)  uses the nasopharynx as its main replication site.
C)  can be treated with the antiviral aerosol ribavirin.
D)  has symptoms of dyspnea and rales.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Hantavirus is transmitted by which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerosolized droplets from human to human
B)  Directly from the saliva of a deer mouse after being bitten
C)  From a mosquito that first bites a deer mouse, and then bites a human
D)  Aerosolized particles of deer mouse feces, urine, or saliva
E)  Via the oral-fecal route when deer mouse feces contaminate drinking waterF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 21: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

Pertussis has been making a big comeback in the last few years, after being on the decline for quite a long time.Why is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to tuberculosis except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What features of the respiratory system protect it from infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The high mortality rate for patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB is due in part because of the severe side effects from the daily multidrug regimen and the stimulation of a strong cell-mediated immune response.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to all of the following except _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hantavirus has all of the following characteristics except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Legionella pneumophila

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms other than bacteria make up the microbiota; non-bacterial microbes that occupy the respiratory tract include ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hantavirus is transmitted by which of the following ways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A factor in the development of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Formation of a pseudomembrane in the back of the throat is seen in cases of _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major virulence factor of Corynebacterium diphtheriae that causes serious systemic effects is its ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bright red rash and fever of scarlet fever is due to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Symptoms of influenza include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tubercles formed in primary tuberculosis are caused by an influx of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major reservoir for the hantavirus is the deer mouse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of whooping cough?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disease involves transmission by aerosolized water from whirlpool spas, air conditioners, cooling towers, and supermarket vegetable misters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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