A) Complement - second line of defense
B) Ciliary escalator - first line of defense
C) Mucous membranes - third line of defense
D) Nasal hairs - first line of defense
E) IgA antibody - third line of defense
G) All of the above
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A) One causes an upper respiratory disease, and the other causes a lower respiratory disease.
B) One causes a mild flu, and the other causes a severe flu.
C) One organism is a virus while the other is a fungus.
D) One organism causes symptomatic disease, while the other organism always causes asymptomatic disease.
F) B) and C)
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A) the pathogen has virulence factors to destroy the action of respiratory cilia.
B) the catarrhal stage has persistent, hacking coughs with "whoops."
C) the early stage resembles a cold with nasal discharge and sneezing.
D) DTaP immunization will prevent it.
E) transmission is by respiratory droplets.
G) D) and E)
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A) Competes with pathogens for resources and space
B) Microbial antagonism
C) Provides antibodies
D) Both [competes with pathogens for resources and space] and [microbial antagonism] are correct.
E) All of these three functions are correct.
G) B) and E)
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B) False
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B) False
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A) primary
B) secondary
C) necrotic caseous
D) granuloma
E) tertiary
G) D) and E)
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B) False
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A) Bacterial meningitis
B) Influenza (flu)
C) Otitis media
D) Bronchitis
E) Epiglottitis
G) A) and E)
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A) otitis media
B) meningitis
C) lobar pneumonia
D) bronchial pneumonia
E) All of the choices are correct.
G) C) and D)
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B) False
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A) are localized to the nasopharynx only.
B) can cause disease in immunocompromised patients.
C) do not include yeasts or viruses.
D) only include Staphylococcus aureus.
E) are only comprised of staphylococcal species.
G) B) and D)
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A) Produces a greenish or yellowish mucous discharge
B) Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
C) Usually introduced by trauma
D) Produces a clear, watery discharge
E) Preceded by viral rhinitis
G) B) and C)
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A) Has birds as a reservoir
B) Common cause of primary atypical pneumonia
C) Initially causes fever, malaise, sore throat, and headache
D) After 2 to 3 weeks, develops into an unproductive cough and earache
E) Is a bacterial cell without a cell wall
G) A) and C)
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A) IgA
B) IgE
C) IgG
D) IgM
E) IgD
G) B) and D)
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