Question 1

Several infections of the cardiovascular system can be identified by inspecting a stained blood smear in the microscope.For the following infections, identify the microscope observation that does not fit the disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chagas disease; protozoan visible among blood cells
B)  Malaria; ring trophozoites visible inside red blood cells
C)  Epstein-Barr virus; virus visible inside red blood cells
D)  Babesiosis; protozoan visible inside red blood cellsE) C) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 2

Your 49-year-old mother has just been diagnosed with subacute endocarditis with the following symptoms: fever, a rash, and early congestive heart failure.You wonder how this infection occurred, particularly since she appeared to be healthy before this.Which of the following questions for her physician is most pertinent to understanding the cause of this infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is this infection related to menopause?
B)  Could she have contracted this from a mosquito bite, since she does so much gardening?
C)  Could she have AIDS?
D)   Does she have an abnormal heart valve or a murmur?E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological involvement
B)  red blood cell lysis
C)  the timing of the viral life cycle
D)  white blood cell lysisE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

After a Drug Enforcement Agency raid on a location that housed intravenous drug users, several were brought to the hospital with rapid breathing, fever, and an altered mental state.Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stained blood smears should be performed promptly to look for abnormalities in the blood cells.
B)  A broad-spectrum antibiotic is needed promptly, as they are likely to be in septic shock from intravenous introduction of microbes into the blood.
C)  Unsanitary conditions in the house probably resulted in infestations with insects, so it's prudent to examine them for insect bites that may provide a clue.
D)   Many drug users are HIV-positive, so the patients should all be monitored for levels of CD4 T-cells before any other action is taken.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding Bacillus anthracis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  A capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors.
B)  Its reservoir includes grazing animals and soil.
C)  It is a gram-positive bacillus.
D)  It grows primarily under anaerobic conditions.
E)   It is capable of forming endospores.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in Chikungunya and dengue fever.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 7

Rabbits and rodents are the chief reservoirs of the causative agent of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  tularemia
B)  plague
C)  Lyme disease
D)  brucellosis
E)  mononucleosisF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding the development of AIDS following infection with HIV is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies to HIV antigens formed in response to HIV infection appear within a few weeks of infection and remain high through latency and AIDS.
B)   CD4 T cells are present in low numbers in an uninfected individual, but become elevated upon HIV infection, and ultimately fall to very low numbers (
C)   Viral antigens can be detected at high levels in the blood within days following infection, then their numbers fall dramatically during a latent period and rise again when AIDS symptoms occur.
D)   An HIV-positive individual in the latency phase can be distinguished from an uninfected individual by the presence of antibodies to HIV antigens in their blood.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in muscles and joints?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chikungunya
B)  Marburg
C)  Lassa fever
D)  Ebola
E)  Dengue feverF) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cat-scratch fever
B)  Q fever
C)  Chikungunya
D)  Rocky Mountain spotted fever
E)  Trench feverF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Your patient was admitted for a gunshot wound about a week ago.As a precautionary activity, the doctor placed her on antibiotics for a few days while recuperating.Blood specimens are drawn on the patient a several times daily and sent to the microbiology lab for analysis of bacteria.Nothing has grown in culture.On her 4th day in the hospital, she has had no fever and no other signs of infection, but one set of blood specimens has been reported positive for a bacterium.The culture was identified by the lab as Staphylococcus epidermidis, a common organism on the skin.Predict the likely situation leading to this.

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus epidermidis is a skin contaminant that ended up in the blood specimen as a consequence of poor aseptic technique during the venipuncture.
B)   Staphylococcus epidermidis is a very slow growing bacterium and was probably in the blood right after the gunshot wound, but failed to grow until now.
C)   The patient is immunodepressed and very susceptible to bacterial infection.
D)   Staphylococcus epidermidis has converted to a pathogen because of the antibiotics prescribed for the patient.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Yersinia pestis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces an enterotoxin.
B)  It exhibits bipolar staining and appears to resemble a safety pin.
C)  It is a gram-negative rod.
D)  It has a capsule as a virulence factor.
E)  It produces coagulase as a virulence factor.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  parenteral entry
B)  droplets
C)  ingestion
D)  fomites
E)  casual contactF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of these diseases would most likely be identified by viewing a stained blood smear in a light microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chagas disease
B)   Dengue fever
C)   HIV
D)  Ebola hemorrhagic feverE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems have no normal biota.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Select the statement that is correct regarding Chagas disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  An effective vaccine is available for prevention in endemic areas.
B)  It is transmitted by respiratory droplets.
C)  It is caused by a fungal pathogen.
D)   Late-stage disease is characterized by autoimmune reactions in the host.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D) D

Question 17

Retroviruses have all of the following characteristics except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an envelope
B)  integration into the host genome
C)  glycoprotein spikes
D)  reverse transcriptase
E)  a DNA genomeF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The virus attaches to host cells with CD4 receptors.
B)  PCR is the primary technique for detecting HIV in blood.
C)  The viral DNA integrates into the host DNA.
D)  The virus becomes latent in host cells.
E)  The virus can enter into nervous tissues and cause abnormalities.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of blood vessels is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  In contrast to veins, arteries have higher blood pressure, more tissue layers, and are thinner vessels.
B)  Connective tissue and muscle fibers are found in the layers of tissue surrounding both arteries and veins.
C)  Capillaries have only a single layer of endothelium, rendering them fragile and leaky during an infection with a hemorrhagic fever virus.
D)  Blood vessels are often found in parallel with lymphatic vessels.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Several infections of the cardiovascular system can be identified by inspecting a stained blood smear in the microscope.For the following infections, identify the microscope observation that does not fit the disease.

Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
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The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by ______.

Correct Answer
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After a Drug Enforcement Agency raid on a location that housed intravenous drug users, several were brought to the hospital with rapid breathing, fever, and an altered mental state.Which of the following statements is correct?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements regarding Bacillus anthracis is incorrect?

Correct Answer
verified

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in Chikungunya and dengue fever.

Correct Answer
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True

Rabbits and rodents are the chief reservoirs of the causative agent of ______.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements regarding the development of AIDS following infection with HIV is incorrect?

Correct Answer
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Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in muscles and joints?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding Yersinia pestis?

Correct Answer
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Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ______.

Correct Answer
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Which of these diseases would most likely be identified by viewing a stained blood smear in a light microscope?

Correct Answer
verified

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems have no normal biota.

Correct Answer
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Select the statement that is correct regarding Chagas disease.

Correct Answer
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D

Retroviruses have all of the following characteristics except ______.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements regarding HIV is incorrect?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements regarding the structure of blood vessels is incorrect?

Correct Answer
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Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut.

Correct Answer
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Exam 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Several infections of the cardiovascular system can be identified by inspecting a stained blood smear in the microscope.For the following infections, identify the microscope observation that does not fit the disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cyclic bouts of fever and chills in malaria are caused by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a Drug Enforcement Agency raid on a location that housed intravenous drug users, several were brought to the hospital with rapid breathing, fever, and an altered mental state.Which of the following statements is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding Bacillus anthracis is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in Chikungunya and dengue fever.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Rabbits and rodents are the chief reservoirs of the causative agent of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the development of AIDS following infection with HIV is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever" because of the severe pain in muscles and joints?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is incorrect regarding Yersinia pestis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted through ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these diseases would most likely be identified by viewing a stained blood smear in a light microscope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cardiovascular and lymphatic systems have no normal biota.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Select the statement that is correct regarding Chagas disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Retroviruses have all of the following characteristics except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding the structure of blood vessels is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lyme disease is only seen in people living in Lyme, Connecticut.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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C

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True

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D

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