Question 1

Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  ingesting brain material.
B)  ingesting meat from infected animals.
C)  surgical instruments.
D)  cornea transplants.
E)   All of the choices have been documented as methods of prion transmission.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Agricultural workers and field archaeologists are exposed to this organism which, despite entering via the respiratory tract, can cause meningitis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcus neoformans
B)  Haemophilus influenzae
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae
D)  Coccidioides immitis
E)  Neisseria meningitidisF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about rabies is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transmission can involve bites, scratches, and inhalation.
B)  Rabies is a zoonotic disease.
C)  Symptoms include anxiety, agitation, muscle spasms, convulsions, and paralysis.
D)   The average incubation period in human is 1 week.
E)   Wild populations of bats, skunks, raccoons, cats, and canines are primary reservoirs.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Which of the following does not apply to Neisseria meningitidis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be easily transmitted in day care facilities, dorms, and military barracks.
B)  Its reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers.
C)  Its virulence factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin, and IgA protease.
D)  It causes a serious meningitis.
E)  It is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium falciparum
B)  Trypanosoma brucei
C)   Leishmania braziliensis
D)  Toxoplasma gondii
E)  LyssavirusF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain via the vascular system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meninges
B)  Blood-brain barrier
C)  Macrophages
D)  Microglia
E)  CraniumF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Although prion infectious agents are more closely related to viruses than any other kind of infectious agents, there are still some major differences between the two.Which statement describes a major difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses can be transmitted by animal to human or human to human, but prions are always human to human transmission.
B)   Prions are not destroyed by heat, but viruses can be inactivated by heat.
C)   Viruses do not contain protein, whereas prions do.
D)   Viral infections can always be treated and cured, whereas prion diseases cannot.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Meningitis can be caused by a number of microbes, and the causative organism is often identified by microscopic observation of the cerebrospinal fluid.Identify the mismatch in the following list of organisms and the description of the microscopic observation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae; gram-positive flattened coccus
B)  Cryptococcus neoformans; fungal cells with a thick capsule
C)  Listeria monocytogenes; gram-negative coccobacillus with flagella
D)  Enterovirus; no bacteria appear to be present in CSF
E)  Neisseria meningitidis; gram-negative diplococcusF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Neonatal meningitis is most commonly transmitted by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  transplacental infection
B)  breastfeeding
C)  hospital personnel
D)  exposure from other infants
E)  exposure in the birth canalF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

The presence of Neisseria in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the patient is healthy; Neisseria is part of the normal biota.
B)  the patient has an infection with Neisseria.
C)  there is a deficiency in the patient's blood-brain barrier.
D)  the patient has previously had an infection with Neisseria.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

The oral and inactivated polio vaccines are made from plant cell cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What do all of these diseases -- amoebic encephalitis, rabies, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease -- have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all caused by protozoans.
B)  They are all transmitted through animal bites.
C)  There is a genetic component to all of these diseases, in addition to the infectious agent.
D)  Mortaility rates are all extremely high.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  tsetse fly
B)  reduviid "kissing" bug
C)  sand fly
D)  hard-bodied tick
E)  Anopheles mosquitoF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 16

The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has

Accepted Answer

A)  more MHC markers than other tissues.
B)  a greater immune response than the rest of the body.
C)  a completely different set of immune responses.
D)  a reduced immune response compared to the rest of the body.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Cultivation of Coccidioides species to confirm a diagnosis of Valley Fever is accomplished by plating the samples on ______ agar.

Accepted Answer

A)  birdseed
B)  Sabourad's
C)  chocolate
D)  bloodE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and foodborne botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treatment involves antitoxin therapy.
B)  An exotoxin blocks acetylcholine release.
C)  Nausea and diarrhea are symptoms.
D)   They occur when endospore-contaminated soil enters deep wounds.
E)  They are caused by enterotoxins of the pathogen.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  pia mater
B)  dura mater
C)  subarachnoid space
D)  arachnoid mater
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

Two nervous system diseases are food-borne, botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum and listeriosis, a form of meningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes.These diseases differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  botulism has a very high mortality rate (~50%) , whereas listeriosis is readily cured by a course of antibiotics.
B)  botulism results from an intoxication, whereas listeriosis is an infection.
C)  listeriosis primarily affects pregnant women, whereas botulism can affect anyone.
D)   listeriosis is associated with contaminated low-acid vegetables, whereas botulism is associated with contaminated infant formula.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Neonatal meningitis is most commonly transmitted by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cultivation of Coccidioides species to confirm a diagnosis of Valley Fever is accomplished by plating the samples on ______ agar.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oral and inactivated polio vaccines are made from plant cell cultures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two nervous system diseases are food-borne, botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum and listeriosis, a form of meningitis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes.These diseases differ in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid is found in the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The presence of Neisseria in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and foodborne botulism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meningitis can be caused by a number of microbes, and the causative organism is often identified by microscopic observation of the cerebrospinal fluid.Identify the mismatch in the following list of organisms and the description of the microscopic observation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which brain defense restricts substances from entering the brain via the vascular system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about rabies is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Agricultural workers and field archaeologists are exposed to this organism which, despite entering via the respiratory tract, can cause meningitis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do all of these diseases -- amoebic encephalitis, rabies, Creutzfeld-Jacob disease -- have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although prion infectious agents are more closely related to viruses than any other kind of infectious agents, there are still some major differences between the two.Which statement describes a major difference?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Botulism is often referred to as lockjaw.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vector involved in African sleeping sickness is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not apply to Neisseria meningitidis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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