Question 1

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has traditionally been identified in patient samples using biochemical tests, and more recently through DNA probe analysis.In vivo testing can also be completed using the tuberculin skin test.A more recent test that seems to be surpassing the others is the QuantiFERON-TB gold test.Blood samples are mixed with protein antigens of M.tuberculosis.After 16 to 24 hours of incubation, the amount of the cytokine interferon produced by the patient's cells is measured.If the patient is infected with M.tuberculosis, their WBCs will release interferon in response to contact with the tuberculosis protein antigens.This test falls under which category of identification tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymatic test
B)  Microarray test
C)  Immunologic test
D)  DNA fingerprinting test
E)  Genotypic testF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

The gene that codes for the bacterial 16s RNA molecule is highly conserved across species, but also contains hypervariable regions that are highly species-specific.FISH analysis of rRNA is beneficial because

Accepted Answer

A)  it can narrow down the list of potential infectious organisms to three or four.
B)  it is much cheaper than traditional analytical methods.
C)  it can precisely identify the 16s sequences from patient samples without the lag time it takes to culture the organism.
D)  it incorporates both direct testing and serological testing for added accuracy.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Antibiotics are often added to biochemical media to restrict the growth to only those organisms that are being looked for in the specimens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which test is used to identify antigens on red blood cells for blood typing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Western blot
B)  Agglutination
C)  Precipitation
D)  Microarrays
E)  ELISAF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Urine and fecal specimens require

Accepted Answer

A)  sterile collection conditions.
B)  incubation in differential media.
C)  incubation in selective media.
D)  Both sterile collection conditions and incubation in differential media are correct.
E)  Both incubation in differential media and incubation in selective media are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Microarrays, hybridization tests, and ribotyping are increasing in frequency in their use in clinical labs for diagnosis of infectious diseases and the microorganisms causing them.Why is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have greater specificity for the organism because they employ specific antibody.
B)  They are cheaper than biochemical tests.
C)  The tests are more easily performed in a doctor's office or hospital, right there where the specimens are taken.
D)  Genomic testing has less errors compared to biochemical tests and serological tests.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

A serum titer involves

Accepted Answer

A)  quantifying the number of infectious particles in a specimen.
B)  determining the lowest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction.
C)  determining the highest dilution of serum that produces a visible reaction.
D)  the Western blot method.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

What type of test affixes an antigen to an inert particle such as a latex bead?

Accepted Answer

A)  Precipitation
B)  Cross-reactions
C)  Agglutination
D)  Sensitivity
E)  SpecificityF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Syphilis can be diagnosed by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Widal test.
B)  antistreptolysin O test.
C)  Weil-Felix reaction.
D)  latex agglutination test.
E)  rapid plasma reagin test.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Which test compares the percentage of cytosine and guanine bases to adenine and thymine bases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct antigen testing
B)  DNA analysis with probes
C)  Electrophoresis
D)  G + C composition
E)  rRNA sequencingF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulse-field gel electrophoresis
B)  DNA analysis with probes
C)  G + C composition
D)  Direct antigen testing
E)  rRNA sequencingF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

The VRDL test detects ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Salmonella
B)  Rickettsia
C)  syphilis
D)  CandidaE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 13

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents, a false positive result can occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The radioimmunoassay test is used frequently for

Accepted Answer

A)  identification of bacteria.
B)  determining levels of hormones.
C)  identification of viruses.
D)  separation of DNA fragments.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Both pulse-field gel electrophoresis and Western blotting utilize electrophoresis in their procedures.When comparing the two procedures, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulse-field gel electrophoresis is used for genetic analysis.
B)  Pulse-field gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments while Western blotting separates proteins.
C)  The presence of antibodies in a patient specimen can be identified in the Western Blot.
D)  Pulse-field gel electrophoresis is excellent for identifying minute genetic differences among strains of one species of an organism.
E)  All of the statements are true.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Serotyping of bacteria cannot be used to identify which component?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA
B)  Flagella
C)  Capsule
D)  Cell wallE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Scanning the whole genome of every infectious agent in a patient sample and comparing that to known genome sequences maintained in libraries would be the most accurate and efficient way to diagnose disease.We are moving closer to this becoming a reality largely because

Accepted Answer

A)  gene libraries have greater accessibility.
B)  more people are being trained in high throughput genetic analysis.
C)  multiple organisms have the same genome so it will minimize the number of screenings necessary.
D)  the cost of high throughput genetic analysis has plummeted in recent years and continues to decrease.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The difference between presumptive and confirmatory data in specimen identification is that

Accepted Answer

A)  presumptive data affords a preliminary identification such as the genus, and confirmatory data identifies the species of the organism.
B)  presumptive data is an educated guess whereas confirmatory data identifies the specific genus and species of the organism.
C)  presumptive data is more accurate than confirmatory data.
D)  presumptive data identifies the species, and confirmatory data identifies the genus of the organism.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Immunelectrophoresis
B)  Radioimmunoassay (RI
A)  
C)  Ouchterlony double diffusion
D)  Quellung test
E)  Western blotF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 20

A method of identification using immobilized, known antigens to identify unknown antibodies and vice versa, where the presence of the agent being tested for immediately brings about a color change is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  ELISA
B)  Western blotting
C)  immunochromatography
D)  radioimmunoassayE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 17: Diagnosing Infections

What type of test affixes an antigen to an inert particle such as a latex bead?

Correct Answer
verified

A serum titer involves

Correct Answer
verified

Syphilis can be diagnosed by the

Correct Answer
verified

The difference between presumptive and confirmatory data in specimen identification is that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Correct Answer
verified

The gene that codes for the bacterial 16s RNA molecule is highly conserved across species, but also contains hypervariable regions that are highly species-specific.FISH analysis of rRNA is beneficial because

Correct Answer
verified

Which test is used to identify antigens on red blood cells for blood typing?

Correct Answer
verified

Scanning the whole genome of every infectious agent in a patient sample and comparing that to known genome sequences maintained in libraries would be the most accurate and efficient way to diagnose disease.We are moving closer to this becoming a reality largely because

Correct Answer
verified

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Correct Answer
verified

Antibiotics are often added to biochemical media to restrict the growth to only those organisms that are being looked for in the specimens.

Correct Answer
verified

Urine and fecal specimens require

Correct Answer
verified

Which test compares the percentage of cytosine and guanine bases to adenine and thymine bases?

Correct Answer
verified

A method of identification using immobilized, known antigens to identify unknown antibodies and vice versa, where the presence of the agent being tested for immediately brings about a color change is called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The VRDL test detects ______.

Correct Answer
verified

The radioimmunoassay test is used frequently for

Correct Answer
verified

Serotyping of bacteria cannot be used to identify which component?

Correct Answer
verified

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents, a false positive result can occur.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Microarrays, hybridization tests, and ribotyping are increasing in frequency in their use in clinical labs for diagnosis of infectious diseases and the microorganisms causing them.Why is this?

Correct Answer
verified

Both pulse-field gel electrophoresis and Western blotting utilize electrophoresis in their procedures.When comparing the two procedures, which statement is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Diagnosing Infections

What type of test affixes an antigen to an inert particle such as a latex bead?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A serum titer involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Syphilis can be diagnosed by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between presumptive and confirmatory data in specimen identification is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a genotypic method of identification?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gene that codes for the bacterial 16s RNA molecule is highly conserved across species, but also contains hypervariable regions that are highly species-specific.FISH analysis of rRNA is beneficial because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test is used to identify antigens on red blood cells for blood typing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scanning the whole genome of every infectious agent in a patient sample and comparing that to known genome sequences maintained in libraries would be the most accurate and efficient way to diagnose disease.We are moving closer to this becoming a reality largely because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibiotics are often added to biochemical media to restrict the growth to only those organisms that are being looked for in the specimens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine and fecal specimens require

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test compares the percentage of cytosine and guanine bases to adenine and thymine bases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A method of identification using immobilized, known antigens to identify unknown antibodies and vice versa, where the presence of the agent being tested for immediately brings about a color change is called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The VRDL test detects ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The radioimmunoassay test is used frequently for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Serotyping of bacteria cannot be used to identify which component?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When antibodies or other substances in serum cross-react with the test reagents, a false positive result can occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microarrays, hybridization tests, and ribotyping are increasing in frequency in their use in clinical labs for diagnosis of infectious diseases and the microorganisms causing them.Why is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both pulse-field gel electrophoresis and Western blotting utilize electrophoresis in their procedures.When comparing the two procedures, which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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