Question 1

An ideal antimicrobial therapeutic drug exhibits all of the following characteristics, except

Accepted Answer

A)  they are nontoxic to host.
B)  they are easily broken down by host.
C)  they are easily administered.
D)  they have limited capacity to elicit resistance.
E)  they are nonallergenic.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy peptidoglycan.
B)  are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis.
C)  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
D)  damage cell membranes.
E)  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

Drugs that target the plasma membrane are able to do so because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are able to denature the membrane-associated proteins, creating pores thereby disrupting the integrity.
B)  they target the phosphate group on the phospholipids, breaking down the bilayer.
C)  they act as enzymes to break down the phospholipids.
D)  they contain a lipid part that enables them to act as a detergent.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 4

Selective toxicity should be avoided when developing a new antimicrobial drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  semisynthetic drugs
B)  broad-spectrum drugs
C)  antibiotics
D)  synthetic drugs
E)  narrow-spectrum drugsF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 6

Your patient has been on antibiotics for 6 weeks after a case of streptococcal endocarditis, an infection of the inner heart wall. The infection clears up. However, the patient just visited you about a urinary tract infection, and the lab verified that the culprit was E. coli. What do you hypothesize happened in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The lab has made a mistake in identifying the cause, and, in fact, the UTI was caused by the original Streptococcus.
B)   The lab has made a mistake in identifying the cause, and, in fact, the endocarditis was caused by the E. coli.
C)   Her normal microbiota in the genitourinary tract were killed, allowing E. coli (not killed by the antibiotics)  to establish an infection.
D)   The antibiotics damaged her immune system, making her very susceptible to environmental bacteria.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Which two antibiotics affect nucleic acids of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tetracycline and amphotericin B
B)  Trimethoprim and sulfonamides
C)  Rifampin and quinolones
D)  Tetracycline and bacitracin
E)  Penicillin and vancomycinF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Drugs that insert on the _____ ribosomal subunit prevent peptide bond formation or inhibit translocation of the subunit during translation.

Accepted Answer

A)  30S
B)  40S
C)  50S
D)  60S
E)  70SF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

The production of antibiotics by microbes evolved so that

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria and viruses could be eliminated.
B)  the growth of other organisms sharing their habitat was inhibited, thus giving them a selective advantage.
C)  certain environments can be protected from pathogenic bacteria.
D)  diseases could be cured.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Indwelling catheter biofilm infections are more resistant to antibiotics than nonbiofilm infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Antibiotics are derived from all of the following, except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Penicillium
B)  Bacillus
C)  Staphylococcus
D)  Streptomyces
E)  CephalosporiumF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 12

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial
B)  fungal
C)  protozoan
D)  helminthic
E)  viralF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Antimicrobials that are macrolides

Accepted Answer

A)  disrupt cell membrane function.
B)  include tetracyclines.
C)  include azithromycin, clarithromcyin, and erythromycin.
D)  are very narrow-spectrum drugs.
E)  are hepatotoxic.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aminoglycosides
B)  Tetracyclines
C)  Erythromycin
D)  Trimethroprim
E)  ChloramphenicolF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

Newer, more expensive antimicrobials are always better to use than cheaper, older drugs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following is not true of polymyxins?

Accepted Answer

A)  The source is Bacillus polymyxa.
B)  They are narrow spectrum.
C)  They are toxic to kidneys.
D)  They target cell walls.
E)  They can be used to treat severe urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative bacilli.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

Alexander Fleming had been running tests using Staphylococcus, and he left some plates out to incubate.Evidently, after returning to his lab after the weekend, he found that Penicillium mold was growing on his agar plates containing the growth of Staphylococcus.Looking more closely, he found a large, clear area around the mold colony where Staphylococcus colonies did not grow.Given this situation, a valid hypothesis would be that

Accepted Answer

A)  the Staphylococcus was being inhibited by the Penicillium mold.
B)  the Penicillium mold was being killed by the Staphylococcus.
C)  the bacteriological medium being used in the plates was somehow inhibitory to the Staphylococcus growth.
D)  the room temperature incubation was inhibitory to the growth of Staphylococcus.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  influenza A virus
B)  HIV
C)  herpes zoster virus
D)  respiratory syncytial virus
E)  hepatitis C virusF) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

Over 50 percent of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use.Why is this problematic for humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  The livestock will become resistant to the antibiotics and not respond to treatment when they have infections.
B)  Resistant bacteria grow in the animals and may then be passed to humans.
C)  The use of antibiotics for livestock means that there are not enough for use in the human population.
D)  The animals may become sick from the antibiotic ingestion.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 12: Antimicrobial Treatment

Drugs that insert on the _____ ribosomal subunit prevent peptide bond formation or inhibit translocation of the subunit during translation.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Newer, more expensive antimicrobials are always better to use than cheaper, older drugs.

Correct Answer
verified

Over 50 percent of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use.Why is this problematic for humans?

Correct Answer
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Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Correct Answer
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Antibiotics are derived from all of the following, except ______.

Correct Answer
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Which two antibiotics affect nucleic acids of bacteria?

Correct Answer
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Indwelling catheter biofilm infections are more resistant to antibiotics than nonbiofilm infections.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not true of polymyxins?

Correct Answer
verified

Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Correct Answer
verified

Selective toxicity should be avoided when developing a new antimicrobial drug.

Correct Answer
verified

An ideal antimicrobial therapeutic drug exhibits all of the following characteristics, except

Correct Answer
verified

Antimicrobials that are macrolides

Correct Answer
verified

The production of antibiotics by microbes evolved so that

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs that target the plasma membrane are able to do so because

Correct Answer
verified

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused by ______.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Penicillins and cephalosporins

Correct Answer
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Exam 12: Antimicrobial Treatment

Drugs that insert on the _____ ribosomal subunit prevent peptide bond formation or inhibit translocation of the subunit during translation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Newer, more expensive antimicrobials are always better to use than cheaper, older drugs.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Over 50 percent of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for livestock use.Why is this problematic for humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibiotics are derived from all of the following, except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two antibiotics affect nucleic acids of bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Indwelling catheter biofilm infections are more resistant to antibiotics than nonbiofilm infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of polymyxins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Selective toxicity should be avoided when developing a new antimicrobial drug.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An ideal antimicrobial therapeutic drug exhibits all of the following characteristics, except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antimicrobials that are macrolides

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The production of antibiotics by microbes evolved so that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that target the plasma membrane are able to do so because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy bacteria are called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Penicillins and cephalosporins

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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