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Exam 3: Classical School of Criminology Thought

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Question 21

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What was considered the first rational theory of criminal activity? Provide an example.

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Deterrence...

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Question 22

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How can too much or too little severity in punishment lead to more crime? Explain both.

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The penalty must outweigh the potential ...

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Question 23

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A government,according to Cesare Beccaria,should strive for the greatest amount of happiness shared by the greatest number of people.This concept is termed ______.

This is an agreement of citizens promising to abide by the rules or laws set forth by a given society in return for protection. 

For the vast majority of human civilization's history,people believed that criminal activity was caused by either supernatural or religious factors.

______ is used as the basis for U.S.policies on punishment for criminal activity because it focuses on individual responsibility.

Cesare Beccaria is known as all of the following EXCEPT:

Beccaria claimed torture should not be used against defendants.Although some countries still use torture,the former U.S.Attorney General Alberto Gonzalez wrote a memo stating that torture of terrorist suspects by the U.S.military was not to be condoned.

According to Hobbes,______ motivates individuals to cooperate in the formation of government and inspires them to obey the laws the government creates.

Describe how you think Beccaria would react to our current criminal justice system's high incarceration,use of the death penalty,incarceration of mentally ill,and racial and social class disparities.

The book The Origin of Species,written by ______,cast doubt on Classical and Neoclassical theories.This book introduced the concept that other influences of human behavior beyond free will and choice were at play.

When was the concept of human decision making and natural culpability acknowledged?

The emphasis on individual responsibility is why the Classical School theories are used as the basis for U.S.policies on punishment for criminal activity.

Beccaria supported capital punishment. 

______ was a form of punishment in which the limbs of a convicted criminal were tied to four horses and ripped from his torso as the horses were made to run in opposite directions.

The vital deterrent characteristics of punishment postulated by Beccaria are all of the following EXCEPT:

Celerity of sentencing is related to the deterrence aspect of punishment,according to Beccaria.

Cesare Beccaria believed the social contract should be fair for all (a fair deal).Discuss what this means.

Beccaria states,"Of two men,equally innocent or equally guilty,the strong and courageous will be acquitted,the weak and timid condemned." Is this true of the U.S.modern criminal justice system?

The death penalty serves as a very effective deterrent against murder crimes.