Question 1

Up to 50% of persons who survived polio as children will suffer from post-polio syndrome later in life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In paralytic polio,which structures are damaged?

Accepted Answer

A)   Brain stem
B)   Diaphragm
C)   Sensory nerves
D)   Anterior horn cells
E)   Peripheral nervesF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Viral meningitis normally requires aggressive antiviral treatment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Meningococcemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  best treated with penicillin G.
B)  associated with vascular collapse,hemorrhage,and petechiae.
C)  started from a nasopharyngeal infection.
D)  caused by a gram-negative diplococcus.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 5

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Plasmodium falciparum
B)   Trypanosoma brucei
C)   Leishmania braziliensis
D)   Toxoplasma gondii
E)   LyssavirusF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Cryptococcus neoformans are causes of meningitis,and both are diagnosed by microscopic observation.How are they distinguished in the microscope?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because Cryptococcus is a fungus, it will not react in the Gram stain, and the cells will always remain colorless.
B)   These organisms have different cellular arrangements; Streptococcus form chains, whereas Cryptococcus forms irregular clusters of cells.
C)   Cryptococcus is a fungus whereas Streptococcus is a bacterium; cells will be dramatically different in complexity and size.
D)   Streptococcus has a prominent capsule that can be observed by negative staining of the sample.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

As a nurse,you have to teach your patients about control and management of their diseases as well as the facts of the disease--risk,treatment,symptoms,etc.How might you instruct a patient who has West Nile virus to avoid the infectious agent in the future?

Accepted Answer

A)   Be sure to treat your dogs and cats with flea medication.
B)   Do not go outside at dusk or dawn, and cover the skin if this is unavoidable.
C)   Do not eat food served from kiosks and food trucks in foreign countries.
D)   Always drink bottled water when outside of the U.S.
E)   Get an annual vaccination if you live in an area where the virus is known to circulate.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 8

Cultivation of Coccidioides species to confirm a diagnosis of Valley Fever is accomplished by plating the samples on ______ agar.

Accepted Answer

A)   birdseed
B)   Sabourad's
C)   chocolate
D)   bloodE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a small, gram-negative coccus.
B)   It is the most frequent cause of community-acquired meningitis.
C)   It has a polysaccharide capsule that resists phagocytosis.
D)   It produces an alpha-hemolysin and hydrogen peroxide.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

What do all of these diseases -- amoebic encephalitis,rabies,Creutzfeld-Jacob disease -- have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are all caused by protozoans.
B)   They are all transmitted through animal bites.
C)   There is a genetic component to all of these diseases, in addition to the infectious agent.
D)   Mortaility rates are all extremely high.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

The organism found in contaminated powdered infant formula that can cause meningitis is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Escherichia coli K1
B)   Escherichia coli O157:H7
C)   Cronobacter sakazakii
D)   Cryptococcus neoformans
E)   Streptococcus agalactiaeF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Which of the following is not a causative agent of acute encephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)   JC virus
B)   Toxoplasma gondii
C)   Varicella-zoster virus
D)   Herpes simplex virus
E)   ArbovirusF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Meningococci initially colonize the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Eustachian tube
B)   oral mucosa
C)   nasopharynx
D)   lacrimal ductsE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Each of the following statements is true for Toxoplasma gondii except that

Accepted Answer

A)   infection often fatal for AIDS patients.
B)   it has a narrow host range.
C)   it can cause stillbirth.
D)   it is a flagellated parasite.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Treatment for Neisseria meningitidis consists of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   intravenous penicillin G
B)   vancomycin
C)   rifampin
D)   oral penicillin G
E)   tetracyclineF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Tetanus differs from botulism in that

Accepted Answer

A)   tetanus results in flaccid paralysis, while botulism paralysis is rigid.
B)   tetanus results from an exotoxin, botulism from an endotoxin.
C)   there is a vaccine for botulism but not for tetanus.
D)   muscles cannot relax in tetanus, while muscles cannot contract in botulism.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

The oral and inactivated polio vaccines are made from plant cell cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterium
B)   protozoan
C)   virus
D)   helminthE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters with the tetanus toxoid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Pneumovax is a vaccine for prevention of disease caused by strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

Viral meningitis normally requires aggressive antiviral treatment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

African sleeping sickness is caused by ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In paralytic polio,which structures are damaged?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetanus can be prevented with the DTaP childhood immunization and boosters with the tetanus toxoid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not true of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meningococci initially colonize the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a causative agent of acute encephalitis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following statements is true for Toxoplasma gondii except that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cultivation of Coccidioides species to confirm a diagnosis of Valley Fever is accomplished by plating the samples on ______ agar.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a nurse,you have to teach your patients about control and management of their diseases as well as the facts of the disease--risk,treatment,symptoms,etc.How might you instruct a patient who has West Nile virus to avoid the infectious agent in the future?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oral and inactivated polio vaccines are made from plant cell cultures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both Streptococcus pneumoniae and Cryptococcus neoformans are causes of meningitis,and both are diagnosed by microscopic observation.How are they distinguished in the microscope?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do all of these diseases -- amoebic encephalitis,rabies,Creutzfeld-Jacob disease -- have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Treatment for Neisseria meningitidis consists of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Meningococcemia is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Up to 50% of persons who survived polio as children will suffer from post-polio syndrome later in life.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organism found in contaminated powdered infant formula that can cause meningitis is ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pneumovax is a vaccine for prevention of disease caused by strains of Neisseria meningitidis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tetanus differs from botulism in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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