Question 1

Which of the following diseases exhibits the highest mortality rate?

Accepted Answer

A)   La Crosse encephalitis
B)   Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
C)   Eastern equine encephalitis
D)   West Nile encephalitisE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Toxoplasma gondii infects the brain,as do many other pathogens.However,Toxoplasma differs from other pathogens in that it

Accepted Answer

A)   causes tumor formation in the brain.
B)   causes destruction of brain tissue.
C)   always kills the host.
D)   manifests in behavioral changes in the host.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

A group is planning a cross-country hike on the Pacific Crest Trail,from the Mexican border,through California,Oregon,and Washington,to the Canadian border.Which of the following should not be a concern for the group while on this trip?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rabies
B)   Valley Fever
C)   Powassan Virus
D)   West Nile EncephalitisE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The presence of Neisseria in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   the patient is healthy; Neisseria is part of the normal biota.
B)   the patient has an infection with Neisseria.
C)   there is a deficiency in the patient's blood-brain barrier.
D)   the patient has previously had an infection with Neisseria.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

Although many viruses can cause meningitis,the most common viral cause is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cytomegalovirus
B)   enterovirus
C)   arenavirus
D)   herpes simplex
E)   arbovirusF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

Neonatal meningitis is most commonly transmitted by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   transplacental infection
B)   breastfeeding
C)   hospital personnel
D)   exposure from other infants
E)   exposure in the birth canalF) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Listeria monocytogenes?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is fastidious.
B)   It does not produce a capsule.
C)   It is resistant to salt.
D)   It is resistant to cold.
E)   It is resistant to heat.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Which is the exotoxin of botulism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Factor V
B)   Hemolysin
C)   Botulinum
D)   Tetanospasmin
E)   PeroxidaseF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Which of the following is not true of meningoencephalitis?

Accepted Answer

A)   The condition involves infection of both the brain and meninges.
B)   The mode of transmission is via respiratory droplets.
C)   The treatment for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)  is mostly ineffective.
D)   The causative organisms are Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has

Accepted Answer

A)   more MHC markers than other tissues.
B)   a greater immune response than the rest of the body.
C)   a completely different set of immune responses.
D)   a reduced immune response compared to the rest of the body.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Cryptococcal meningitis is highly communicable among humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The food-borne disease that involves neurotoxin is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis
B)   botulism
C)   gastrointestinal anthrax
D)   Bacillus cereus intoxicationE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   ingesting brain material.
B)   ingesting meat from infected animals.
C)   surgical instruments.
D)   cornea transplants.
E)   All of the choices have been documented as methods of prion transmission.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Although prion infectious agents are more closely related to viruses than any other kind of infectious agents,there are still some major differences between the two.Which statement describes a major difference?

Accepted Answer

A)   Viruses can be transmitted by animal to human or human to human, but prions are always human to human transmission.
B)   Prions are not destroyed by heat, but viruses can be inactivated by heat.
C)   Viruses do not contain protein, whereas prions do.
D)   Viral infections can always be treated and cured, whereas prion diseases cannot.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

Which of the following does not apply to Neisseria meningitidis?

Accepted Answer

A)   It can be easily transmitted in day care facilities, dorms, and military barracks.
B)   Its reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers.
C)   Its virulence factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin, and IgA protease.
D)   It causes a serious meningitis.
E)   It is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding poliomyelitis is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)   The virus is transmitted by contaminated water.
B)   Summer outbreaks in the U.S. have been increasing in frequency.
C)   It is caused by poliovirus (genus Enterovirus) .
D)   If the virus enters the central nervous system, motor neurons can be infected and destroyed.
E)   It can be asymptomatic or mild with headache, sore throat, fever, and nausea.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

Spongiform encephalopathies are

Accepted Answer

A)   associated with abnormal, transmissible, protein in the brain.
B)   chronic, fatal infections of the nervous system.
C)   caused by prions.
D)   Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, kuru, and Gertsmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

Meningitis can be caused by a number of microbes,and the causative organism is often identified by microscopic observation of the cerebrospinal fluid.Identify the mismatch in the following list of organisms and the description of the microscopic observation.

Accepted Answer

A)   Streptococcus pneumoniae; gram-positive flattened coccus
B)   Cryptococcus neoformans; fungal cells with a thick capsule
C)   Listeria monocytogenes; gram-negative coccobacillus with flagella
D)   Enterovirus; no bacteria appear to be present in CSF
E)   Neisseria meningitidis; gram-negative diplococcusF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Subacute encephalitis may be caused by ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Toxoplasma gondii
B)   prions
C)   herpes simplex virus
D)   persistent measles virus
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Exam 19: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Nervous System

The presence of Neisseria in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid indicates that

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Meningitis can be caused by a number of microbes,and the causative organism is often identified by microscopic observation of the cerebrospinal fluid.Identify the mismatch in the following list of organisms and the description of the microscopic observation.

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The food-borne disease that involves neurotoxin is ______.

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Neonatal meningitis is most commonly transmitted by ______.

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Toxoplasma gondii infects the brain,as do many other pathogens.However,Toxoplasma differs from other pathogens in that it

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No cases of attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have been documented.

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Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Listeria monocytogenes?

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Which of the following is not true of meningoencephalitis?

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The concept of "immune privilege" explains why the central nervous system has

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Although prion infectious agents are more closely related to viruses than any other kind of infectious agents,there are still some major differences between the two.Which statement describes a major difference?

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Spongiform encephalopathies are

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Prions can be transmitted by all of the following except

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Which of the following does not apply to Neisseria meningitidis?

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Subacute encephalitis may be caused by ______.

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Which of the following diseases exhibits the highest mortality rate?

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Which is the exotoxin of botulism?

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Which of the following statements regarding poliomyelitis is incorrect?

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Although many viruses can cause meningitis,the most common viral cause is ______.

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A group is planning a cross-country hike on the Pacific Crest Trail,from the Mexican border,through California,Oregon,and Washington,to the Canadian border.Which of the following should not be a concern for the group while on this trip?

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Cryptococcal meningitis is highly communicable among humans.

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