A) Most organisms are capable of producing more offspring than typically survive.
B) Phenotypic variation that an organism acquires in its lifetime is passed on to its offspring.
C) Phenotypic variation exists within populations.
D) Phenotypic variation can influence reproductive success.
E) Phenotypic variation within a species is due in part to inherited characteristics.
G) A) and C)
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A) measure rates of sedimentary rock formation.
B) measure the ratios of various radioactive isotopes in the deposits.
C) apply the principle of superposition (younger deposits above older deposits) .
D) make salinity measurements in ocean sediment deposits.
E) study the sequence of fossil types in the deposits.
G) A) and B)
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A) artificial selection
B) coevolution
C) intelligent design
D) founder effect
E) natural selection
G) None of the above
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A) they were less visible after the lichens returned.
B) of migration from more polluted areas.
C) of mutation.
D) they were preyed on more.
E) of a bottleneck effect.
G) B) and E)
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A) Dark moths are more resistant to the toxic effects of pollution than light moths.
B) Dark moths emigrate out of polluted areas to escape the pollution.
C) Pollution kills important tree species that peppered moths depend on for egg laying.
D) Because dark moths absorb more heat they are more active and better able to avoid bird predation.
E) Birds used the marks that Kettlewell placed on the moths when he released them to help them find and capture the moths.
G) A) and B)
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A) 2,800 years old.
B) 5,600 years old.
C) 11,200 years old.
D) 16,800 years olD.
E) 22,400 years old.
G) A) and C)
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A) fossil record
B) homology
C) convergent evolution
D) biogeography
E) development
G) B) and E)
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A) undergone divergent evolution.
B) undergone selective advantage.
C) undergone heterozygote advantage.
D) undergone convergent evolution.
E) developed homologous structures.
G) A) and B)
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A) There is no selection and mating is random under domestication.
B) During domestication,very high rates of mutation are induced.
C) Genetic drift is important because domestication involves small populations.
D) Many domesticated varieties would not survive in the natural worlD.
E) Domesticated species exhibit "hybrid vigor" (heterosis) .
G) A) and D)
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A) fossil record
B) homology
C) convergent evolution
D) biogeography
E) development
G) A) and C)
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A) called divergence.
B) called convergence.
C) referred to as successive homologies.
D) referred to as descent.
E) also known as natural selection.
G) C) and D)
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A) Australian marsupials and placental mammals of other continents
B) analogous organs of horses,antelopes,and deer
C) homologous organs of apes and humans
D) skull bones of vertebrates
E) all of the species in a genus of placental mammals
G) A) and B)
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A) shows they evolved from fish.
B) shows they evolved from swimming dinosaurs.
C) shows they evolved from a land mammal with hooves.
D) has fragmentary evidence that cannot be explaineD.
E) has no evidence about how they evolved.
G) C) and D)
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A) early development
B) vestigial structures
C) patterns of distribution
D) convergence
E) analogous structures
G) D) and E)
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A) structures of animals that appear to have evolved from different parts of their bodies.
B) structures of animals that have difference appearances and functions but seem to have evolved from the same body part in a common ancestor.
C) structures of animals that have the same appearances and functions but obviously no common ancestor.
D) structures of animals that have different appearances and functions but different ancestors.
F) A) and D)
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A) It is not a scientifically testable theory.
B) It has proven to be false.
C) It has been superseded by more modern theories.
D) It is contrary to the beliefs of most scientists.
E) It constitutes the teaching of religion.
G) All of the above
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A) Most changes are seen as adaptations for life in grassland habitats.
B) The general trends during horse evolution are increase in body size,lengthening of limbs,reduction of digits on both sets of limbs,and tooth development for a grazing life style.
C) Global climate change during the Miocene and early Oligocene epochs caused many of the changes in the evolution of horses.
D) Horse evolution is unusual in that rates of change were uniform and constant throughout most lineages.
E) Living lineages of horses show much less diversity than existed in the past.
G) A) and B)
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A) all having larger beaks.
B) all having smaller beaks.
C) having intermediate size beaks.
D) having two,distinct populations.
E) maintaining abundant variation in beak depth.
G) B) and E)
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A) evolution is a theory that is supported with a tremendous amount of evidence.
B) evolution is just a collection of facts without a central theme and this is not a theory.
C) evolution is what Darwin proposed to account for all the changes he observed in the finches so it is a hypothesis,not a theory.
D) evolution occurred in the past,but it is not occurring in the present,so it cannot be a theory.
F) A) and D)
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