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"R" in the SMART goals stands for:


A) robust.
B) resolved.
C) requirements.
D) results-based.
E) realist.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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The set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee; initiates work-related effort; and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence is known as:


A) organizational commitment.
B) job satisfaction.
C) job performance.
D) motivation.
E) leadership.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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In a situation you see as inequitable, cognitive distortion allows you to restore balance mentally by altering your behavior in certain ways.

A) True
B) False

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Extrinsic theory acknowledges that motivation does not just depend on a person's beliefs and circumstances, but also on what happens to other people.

A) True
B) False

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When goal commitment is high, assigning specific and difficult goals will have significant benefits for task performance.

A) True
B) False

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Motivation has a _____ effect on job performance.


A) strong positive
B) moderate positive
C) weak positive
D) moderate negative
E) strong negative

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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"T" in the SMART goals stands for:


A) time-sensitive.
B) task-driven.
C) tenacious.
D) tempered.
E) team-oriented.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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Define and explain motivation and its forces.

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Motivation is a defined set of energetic...

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In equity theory, rethinking your inputs to restore balance mentally without altering your behavior in any way is known as:


A) equity distress.
B) instrumentality.
C) cognitive distortion.
D) internal comparisons.
E) external comparisons.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following is a unit-focused compensation plan element?


A) Merit pay
B) Lump-sum bonus
C) Gainsharing
D) Profit sharing
E) Piece-rate

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Expectancy is a subjective probability ranging from:


A) 0 to 1.
B) 1 to 5.
C) 10 to 20.
D) -1 to +1.
E) 5 to 1.5.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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_____ is defined as the degree to which a person accepts a goal and is determined to try to reach it.


A) Feedback
B) Self-efficacy
C) Instrumentality
D) Task complexity
E) Goal commitment

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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What is psychological empowerment? Identify the four concepts that can make work tasks intrinsically motivating, and explain each concept.

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Psychological empowerment represents a f...

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_____ theory argues that employee behavior is directed toward pleasure and away from pain or, more generally, toward certain outcomes and away from others.


A) Psychological empowerment
B) Expectancy
C) Goal setting
D) Extrinsic
E) Equity

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Instrumentality represents the belief that stressful performance will result in positive outcome(s).

A) True
B) False

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A sense of self-determination is a strong driver of extrinsic motivation.

A) True
B) False

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Allan and Danny have been working for Yummy Treats for about five years, at the same level of management and doing similar kinds of work. Allan has been focusing on setting specific and difficult goals for himself and believes that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance in his job. On the other hand, Danny compares himself to different managers, such as Jim who works for the competitor in a similar work position. He feels disheartened when he finds out that he is significantly underrewarded at Yummy Treats. Allan's focus on concepts such as difficulty and specificity is a key aspect of:


A) equity theory.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) goal setting.
D) expectancy.
E) psychological empowerment.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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The belief that successful performance will result in some outcome(s) is known as:


A) instrumentality.
B) valence.
C) complexity.
D) expectancy.
E) self-efficacy.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of these refers to the learning plans and problem-solving approaches used to achieve successful performance?


A) Expectancies
B) Emotional cues
C) Vicarious experiences
D) Valences
E) Task strategies

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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When employees consider efficacy levels for a given task, they first consider their:


A) past accomplishments.
B) vicarious experiences.
C) current projects.
D) extrinsic motivators.
E) instrumentality.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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