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First movers often have several competitive benefits including


A) incremental effects.
B) shakeout effects.
C) network effects.
D) experience effects.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Incumbent firms favor incremental innovation over radical innovation because


A) their business decisions are independent of the other parties in their innovation ecosystem.
B) radical innovation will disturb the existing power distribution within the firms.
C) incumbent firms do not have formal organizational structures and processes like the way new entrants do.
D) incremental innovations help firms sustain a permanent competitive advantage, whereas radical innovations only help gain a temporary advantage.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is true of a disruptive innovation?


A) It targets existing markets.
B) It initially provides high-cost solutions to existing problems.
C) It introduces a radical idea and creates a new industry.
D) It attacks the market through a top-down process.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Digital photography replacing film photography would be an example of a(n)


A) regressive innovation.
B) radical innovation.
C) architectural innovation.
D) disruptive innovation.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is a competitive benefit experienced by the first mover firm in an industry?


A) The first mover will be able to achieve a less steep learning curve.
B) The first mover will be able to reduce the switching costs.
C) The first mover will not have to patent its products or technology.
D) The first mover will be able to reduce costs through economies of scale.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Why is it easier for new entrants to involve in radical innovations when compared to incumbent firms?


A) Unlike incumbent firms, new entrants do not have to face the high entry barriers, initially.
B) New entrants are embedded in an innovation ecosystem, while incumbent firms are not.
C) Unlike incumbent firms, new entrants do not have formal organizational structures and processes.
D) Incumbent firms do not have the advantages of network effects that new entrants have.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is a drawback of using the industry life cycle as a framework to guide strategic choice?


A) The framework believes that the life cycle of industries is unpredictable.
B) The framework does not explain everything about changes in industries.
C) The framework is based on the tenet that industries can be rejuvenated even in the declining stage.
D) The framework believes that the number and size of competitors remain constant throughout the life cycle.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Norce Autos Inc.allows its customers,suppliers,researchers,and the community in general to contribute their ideas toward new product developments.Customers and other interested stakeholders can let the company know what new features they want to see in their next car.If the company faces any technical complexities that its internal R&D team cannot solve,it posts the problem on its website and allows people from the external community to provide solutions.In this scenario,Norce Autos Inc.is primarily leveraging its


A) economies of scope.
B) open innovation model.
C) razor-razor-blade business model.
D) experience-curve effects.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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How has Apple been able to sustain its competitive advantage in the smartphone industry?


A) by reducing its network effects
B) by targeting its new products and services toward laggards
C) by driving the price for the end user to zero
D) by regularly introducing incremental improvements in its products

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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