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If a resource is common


A) competitive advantage will persist with one firm for a long period of time.
B) it will result in perfect competition.
C) it will result in greater resource immobility.
D) competitive parity will cease to exist.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is an example of a firm's resources?


A) routine activities like order taking and invoicing customers, performed in a firm
B) assistance available from the government in the form of rules and regulations
C) assets such as land and buildings owned by a firm
D) liabilities such as bills payables and short-term debts

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Although True Ion Inc.and One Electro Inc.operate in the same consumer electronic industry,True Ion Inc.has better sales and brand equity.This is attributed to True Ion Inc.'s commitment to innovation.The company has adequate financial and human capital to invest in research and development,an area in which One Electro Inc.lacks.In this scenario,which of the following critical assumptions of the resource-based view of a firm has been illustrated?


A) resource equality
B) resource heterogeneity
C) resource mobility
D) resource maturity

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Organizational and managerial skills that find their expression in a company's structure,routines,and culture are referred to as


A) tangible resources.
B) reserves.
C) capital gains.
D) capabilities.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following provides an example of how a firm's valuable resource can be imitated?


A) To compete with Build Your Own's model of the Eiffel Tower, Best Replica came out with a model of a sports car.
B) To compete with Build Your Own's model of the Eiffel Tower, Best Replica came out with a model of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.
C) To compete with Build Your Own's model of the Eiffel Tower, Best Replica came out with a model of the U.S.S. Enterprise aircraft carrier.
D) To compete with Build Your Own's model of the Eiffel Tower, Best Replica came out with a model of a grizzly bear.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following best explains why IBM has been able to maintain its competitive advantage?


A) IBM successfully transformed itself multiple times in the data information industry over a period of more than 100 years.
B) IBM hired a new CEO to refocus the company on satisfying market needs, which demanded IT services.
C) IBM focused on producing mainframe and mini-computers that would be produced by fully integrated companies.
D) IBM helped kick-start the PC revolution in 1981 by setting an open standard in the computer industry with the introduction of the IBM PC.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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_____ describes a process in which the options one faces in a current situation are limited by decisions made in the past.


A) Social complexity
B) Path dependence
C) Cannibalization
D) Causal ambiguity

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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According to the VRIO framework,a firm can gain a competitive advantage if it has resources that are _____ and captured by an organized firm.


A) varied, refined, costly to introduce
B) valuable, refined, costly to introduce
C) valuable, rare, costly to imitate
D) varied, rare, costly to imitate

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Due to path dependence


A) strategic decisions have long-term consequences.
B) the occurrence of time compression diseconomies becomes rare.
C) competitors can easily imitate or create core competencies quickly.
D) past decisions of a firm do not affect its current situation.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Value Autos Inc.has been trying to directly copy the strategies of Honk Autos Inc.Even though it is evident that Honk Autos Inc.'s success comes from its just-in-time inventory system,Value Autos Inc.has not been able to effectively apply the system in the same way.This is because the organizational structures,employees,cultures,and the overall business systems of both the companies vary from each other.Which of the following barriers to imitation does this scenario best illustrate?


A) path dependence
B) social complexity
C) resource mobility
D) resource homogeneity

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Dynamic capabilities are especially relevant for surviving and competing in markets that


A) shift quickly.
B) shift slowly.
C) remain constant.
D) remain unpredictable.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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To make the SWOT analysis an effective management tool,a strategist must first


A) distinguish a firm's resources, competencies, and capabilities from each other.
B) separate a firm's primary activities from support activities.
C) analyze the pros and cons of strategic options.
D) scan a firm's internal and external environments.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Crystal Tech Inc.'s competency in designing and manufacturing efficient microprocessors has made its laptops the most advanced computers in the market.This competency,along with the just-in-time manufacturing system,has enabled Crystal Tech Inc.to increase its profitability by lowering its production costs.Thus,Crystal's competency in designing and manufacturing microprocessors will be considered a(n) _____ resource in the VRIO framework.


A) valuable
B) inexhaustible
C) tangible
D) perishable

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Creating resources that meet the VRIO criteria is strategically important to a firm because it


A) helps the firm curb its resource heterogeneity and resource immobility.
B) facilitates greater knowledge diffusion in the industry.
C) leads to competitive parity within the industry.
D) helps the firm to gain and sustain a competitive advantage.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Pulse Mobiles Inc.is a cell phone manufacturing company.Its latest range of smartphones bears a straight resemblance to the Y-series range of smartphones from Talkie Gen Inc.,in terms of its shape and look-and-feel.Which of the following strategies has Pulse Mobiles Inc.used to replicate the valuable and rare resource of Talkie Gen Inc.?


A) direct imitation
B) strategic equivalence
C) substitution
D) innovation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Otion Inc.is a relatively new firm in the consumer electronics industry.The company's primary objective is to become the market leader in less than 5 years,for which it has to gain and sustain a competitive advantage.In the context of the VRIO framework,which of the following resources should Otion Inc.primarily focus on to achieve its objective?


A) quality standards, which are common and mandatory throughout the industry
B) inexpensive unskilled labor that is easily accessible by all companies
C) component parts that are sourced from competitors' suppliers
D) production systems that reduce costs by 30 percent below the current industry standards

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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GN Corp.and BC Inc.are two competing firms in the same industry.GN Corp.'s tangible assets are valued at $15 billion and its intangible assets are valued at $35 billion.BC Inc.'s tangible assets are valued at $5 billion and its intangible assets are valued at $45 billion.What can be concluded from this information?


A) It is easier to buy intangible assets with cash than tangible assets.
B) It is likely that BC Inc. is better enabled than GN Corp. to gain and sustain a competitive advantage.
C) It takes longer time to build tangible assets than intangible assets.
D) There is no resource heterogeneity between the two firms, BC Inc. and GN Corp., as they operate in the same industry.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is an example of a firm's intangible resources?


A) the firm's cash at bank
B) the firm's finished goods inventory
C) the firm's organizational culture
D) the firm's land and building

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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In the context of SWOT analysis,a firm can develop an offensive strategic option primarily by


A) combining an internal weakness with an external threat.
B) leveraging its internal strengths to minimize external threats.
C) leveraging an external opportunity to overcome an internal threat.
D) using its internal strengths to exploit external opportunities.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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According to the value chain analysis,which of the following is a primary activity?


A) research and development
B) human resources management
C) accounting and finance
D) marketing and sales

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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