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The four types of discounts are


A) quantity, trade-in, promotional, and cash.
B) quantity, seasonal, trade (functional) , and cash.
C) quantity, seasonal, promotional, and FOB.
D) cash, trade-in, seasonal, and promotional.
E) trade-in, promotional, geographic, and functional.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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All of the following are demand-oriented approaches to selecting an approximate price level except


A) odd-even.
B) yield management.
C) customary.
D) bundle.
E) prestige.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Skimming pricing is considered to be a __________ approach to pricing.


A) demand-oriented
B) cost-oriented
C) profit-oriented
D) competition-oriented
E) service-oriented

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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To reward wholesalers and retailers for having supplies in stock at the time customers want, manufacturers offer


A) noncumulative discounts.
B) seasonal discounts.
C) trade discounts.
D) cumulative discounts.
E) functional discounts.

F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

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The Consumer Goods Pricing Act, the Sherman Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act, and the Robinson-Patman Act all address different aspects of deceptive pricing. Select one example for each act and explain which aspects of the practice would be considered illegal.

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The Consumer Goods Pricing Act considers...

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A penetration pricing policy is most likely to be effective when


A) lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing the sales volume and reducing the unit cost.
B) the high initial price will not attract competitors.
C) a low initial price discourages competitors from entering the market.
D) customers interpret the high price as signifying high quality.
E) enough prospective customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price to make these sales profitable.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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If the terms of the trade discount are listed 20/10/5, the number "5" represents


A) 5 percent of the suggested retail price that is available to the retailer to cover costs and provide a profit.
B) 5 percent of the suggested retail price that is available to the wholesaler to cover costs and provide a profit.
C) 5 percent of the suggested retail price that is available to the jobber to cover costs and provide a profit.
D) 5 percent of the suggested retail price that is available to the ultimate consumer.
E) 5 percent of the suggested retail price that is the profit margin to the manufacturer.

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Explain predatory pricing.

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Predatory pricing is the practice of cha...

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What pricing method is often used because of the difficulty in establishing a benchmark of sales or investment to show how much of a firm's effort is needed to achieve the target?


A) target return-on-investment pricing
B) target return-on-sales pricing
C) standard markup pricing
D) target pricing
E) loss-leader pricing

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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What is the difference between a fixed-price policy and a dynamic pricing policy?

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A fixed-price policy, also called a one-...

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While __________ often changes price based upon color or style, __________ often changes prices based on time, day, week, or season.


A) prestige pricing; skimming pricing
B) yield management pricing; bundle pricing
C) price lining; yield management pricing
D) target pricing; target return on investment pricing
E) bundle pricing; standard markup pricing

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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When microwave ovens were in the introduction stage of their product life cycle, some consumers were willing to pay exorbitant prices for these innovative ovens. Taking advantage of this strong consumer desire, marketers set the price for microwave ovens at the highest initial price possible. Marketers of microwave ovens used a __________ pricing strategy.


A) skimming
B) penetration
C) prestige
D) price lining
E) bundle

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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A skimming pricing policy is likely to be most effective when (1) enough prospective customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price to make these sales profitable; (2) __________; (3) lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing the sales volume and reducing the unit cost; and (4) customers interpret the high price as signifying high quality.


A) the high initial price will not attract competitors
B) consumers tend to be price-sensitive
C) it will be easier to set measurable sales unit goals
D) a lower price will significantly reduce unit costs
E) consumers perceive your product to be similar to other products on the market

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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After offering a promotional allowance, the price of a product returns to its regular price level. When this happens, the retail store's gross margin on that product __________ on those items that were bought with the allowance but not sold during the price special promotion.


A) decreases substantially
B) increases substantially
C) remains the same
D) fluctuates wildly
E) vanishes

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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What is it called when a manufacturer offers discounts to resellers in the marketing channel on the basis of where they are in the channel?


A) seasonal discounts
B) trade discounts
C) cash discounts
D) promotional allowances
E) trade-in allowances

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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When is skimming pricing an effective strategy?

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Skimming pricing is an effective strateg...

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Selecting one or more geographical locations from which the list price for products plus freight expenses are charged to the buyer is referred to as


A) FOB origin pricing.
B) basing-point pricing.
C) single-zone pricing.
D) multiple-zone pricing.
E) freight absorption pricing.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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If the cash discount terms for a $500 purchase are 4/10 net 30, the number 4 refers to


A) the percentage markup on the product.
B) the percentage discount if the bill is paid within 10 days.
C) the percentage increase in price if the bill is not paid within 10 days.
D) the discount in dollars per unit if the order is paid on time within 30 days.
E) the penalty in dollars if the bill is not paid within 10 days.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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