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The concept of the diffusion of innovation shows how a product "diffuses" or spreads through the population over time. The consumer population is divided into five categories of product adopters based on when they adopt (i.e., first buy) a new product. Each product adopter category has a unique profile. Consumers who are skeptical and with below average social status are called


A) innovators.
B) early adopters.
C) early majority.
D) late majority.
E) laggards.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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A risk with __________ is that too many uses for one brand name can dilute the meaning of a brand for consumers.


A) brand extensions
B) product line extensions
C) co-branding
D) private branding
E) mixed branding

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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For the Gillette Fusion razor, over 60 percent of men who tried the razor adopted the product permanently. These men are known as __________ purchasers.


A) repeat
B) replicate
C) recurring
D) recursive
E) die-hard

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Another name for multiproduct branding is


A) family branding.
B) mixed branding.
C) uniform branding.
D) co-branding.
E) multibranding.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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To handle products in the decline stage of the product life cycle, companies often use either a __________ strategy or a __________ strategy.


A) divesting; harvesting
B) diversification; contraction
C) deletion; harvesting
D) deletion; diversification
E) building; divesting

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Seiko makes watches. It markets its higher quality watches under the Seiko or LaSalle brand name and its lower-priced watches are sold under the Pulsar brand. Seiko uses a __________ strategy.


A) multibranding
B) product differentiation branding
C) multiproduct branding
D) segmentation branding
E) private branding

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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There are several reasons a consumer would be reluctant to adopt a new product. For example, a consumer might be reluctant to adopt a new product because of a risk barrier, which occurs when


A) there is no incentive to change.
B) there are physical, economic, or social fears.
C) there are cultural differences.
D) the financial commitment is too great.
E) the product is not consistent with existing habits.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of a product in the growth stage of the product life cycle?


A) e-book readers
B) all electric cars
C) 3D HDTVs
D) soft drinks
E) analog TVs

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Four key challenges that package and label designers face are: (1) connecting with customers; (2) environmental concerns; (3) health, safety, and security issues; and (4) __________.


A) social and societal issues
B) competition from global markets
C) cost reduction
D) governmental regulations
E) diminishing color, symbol, and trademark selections

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The key idea behind diffusion of innovation is that


A) not all consumers accept a new product at the same time; adoption of a product spreads slowly throughout the population.
B) once a product enters the market, the time span between awareness and purchase is incredibly short.
C) the introduction of an entire new product class almost always diffuses the importance of its predecessor within a matter of months.
D) adoption of a new product line does not change the diffusion rate of older lines in the market.
E) the rate of adoption is independent of other product form innovations or competitive products in the marketplace.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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What federal law protects the trademarks of a firm?


A) Sherman Act
B) Lanham Act
C) ISO 9000
D) Clayton Act
E) Robinson-Patman Act

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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When Rose went shopping for a new purse, she thought she had found a real value-a Gucci purse for about 50 percent of what she was expecting to pay. When she looked at it more closely, she noticed that the purse was identical to a Gucci but was not manufactured by Gucci. This was most likely an example of


A) product counterfeiting.
B) brand licensing.
C) co-branding.
D) brand imitation.
E) re-manufacturing.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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The concept of the diffusion of innovation shows how a product "diffuses" or spreads through the population over time. The consumer population is divided into five categories of product adopters based on when they adopt (i.e., first buy) a new product. Each product adopter category has a unique profile. Consumers who are leaders in social settings and have slightly above average education are called


A) innovators.
B) early adopters.
C) early majority.
D) late majority.
E) laggards.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Companies can choose from among several different branding strategies, which include: (1) multiproduct branding, (2) __________, (3) private branding, and (4) mixed branding.


A) multibranding
B) retailer branding
C) intermediary branding
D) brand licensing
E) co-branding

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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New product brands introduced as defensive moves to counteract and confront a firm's competition are referred to as


A) co-brands.
B) private brands.
C) fighting brands.
D) brand extensions.
E) subbrands.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Products that experience rapid sales on introduction and then an equally rapid decline are called __________ products.


A) high-learning
B) low-learning
C) fashion
D) fad
E) primary

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Usually two curves are shown in a figure that represents the stages of the product life cycle. The two curves shown represent total industry sales revenue and total industry profit. Typically what does the higher of the two curves represent?


A) total variable costs
B) total fixed costs
C) total industry profit
D) total industry sales revenue
E) total research and development costs

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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What is the marketing objective for the growth stage of the product life cycle?


A) minimize promotion
B) increase market share
C) stress differentiation
D) gain awareness
E) maintain brand loyalty

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Managers often use two special indexes to help identify strong and weak market segments in order to provide direction for marketing efforts. The two indexes focus on


A) marketing efficiency and production efficiency.
B) dollar market share and unit market share.
C) monthly dollar sales by channel and monthly number of units sold by channel.
D) sales per square foot and same-store sales growth.
E) category development and brand development.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Correct Answer

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The entire product category or industry is referred to as


A) product form.
B) product class.
C) product line.
D) product mix.
E) product item.

F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

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