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The study of similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies is referred to as


A) market synthesis.
B) cross-cultural analysis.
C) international sociographics.
D) transnational anthropology.
E) multicultural ethnocentrism.

F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Economic espionage is the clandestine collection of trade secrets or


A) government economic information.
B) industrial intelligence.
C) government weapons information.
D) banking lists.
E) proprietary information about competitors.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Cross-cultural analysis refers to the study of


A) the subgroups within the larger, or national, culture with unique values, ideas, and attitudes.
B) the set of values, ideas, and attitudes that are learned and shared among the consumers of a country.
C) the similarities and differences among consumers in two or more nations or societies.
D) the buying behaviors within a given nation to identify similarities and differences among individuals.
E) the buying behaviors within a given nation that link a person's actions to the cultural group with which he or she identifies most.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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KFC in Japan sells tempura crispy strips. In northern England, it stresses gravy and potatoes. In Thailand, it offers fresh rice. In Holland, instead of potatoes, KFC offers customers a potato and onion croquette. In France, KFC sells pastries alongside its chicken. These examples illustrate that KFC exhibits an appreciation for the __________ of other societies.


A) demographics
B) symbols
C) sensitivities
D) customs
E) values

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The U.S. motorcycle manufacturer Harley-Davidson uses intermediaries to sell its motorcycles in numerous nations outside the United States. Harley-Davidson uses


A) direct exporting.
B) licensing.
C) contract manufacturing.
D) indirect exporting.
E) foreign assembly.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Disney employed __________ marketing strategy for its Disneyland Paris, particularly when it came to the eateries in the park. These restaurants featured recipes that were revised for local tastes, alcoholic beverages (not permitted in previous parks) , and increased outdoor seating.


A) a global
B) a transnational
C) a multidomestic
D) a meganational
E) an international

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Coca-Cola, Gillette razors, and Nike apparel and shoes are being sold in the same form in many countries. This is an example of which type of global marketing product and promotion strategy?


A) product customization
B) product adaptation
C) product extension
D) product integration
E) product invention

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Beginning January 1, 2005, China removed import quotas and lowered tariffs on automobiles. This removal of quotas and the lowering of tariffs is an example of


A) relaxing the rule of eminent domain.
B) reducing ethnocentrism.
C) enhancing domestic imperialism.
D) reducing protectionism.
E) enhancing countertrade.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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When NestlΓ© actually owns a subsidiary or division in a foreign country, such as its own ice cream manufacturing operation in China, this global market entry strategy is known as __________ and represents the greatest commitment a company can make to international sales.


A) licensing
B) local assembly
C) a joint venture
D) direct investment
E) local manufacturing

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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The balance of trade is the


A) difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports.
B) sum of the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports.
C) monetary value of a nation's exports divided by its imports.
D) surplus that occurs when nations engage in exporting.
E) difference between a country's services and goods exports.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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The Economic Espionage Act


A) allows the World Court in The Hague to adjudicate trade disputes on behalf of UN members and requires the home country to impose any penalties.
B) imposes a personal fine on a convicted U.S. citizen of up to $10 million.
C) targets espionage activities that are commonplace in any industry that holds governmental contracts.
D) makes the theft of trade secrets by foreign entities a federal crime in the United States.
E) is well-intended in theory, but is virtually impossible to enforce.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Mary Kay, Inc., can be classified as which type of company when marketing its products around the world?


A) multinational firm
B) transnational firm
C) international firm
D) global marketing firm
E) multidomestic firm

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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In Japan, Japanese women give Japanese men chocolates on Valentine's Day. This is an example of a(n)


A) custom.
B) value.
C) demographic pattern.
D) belief.
E) idiosyncrasy.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Gray market refers to


A) the segment of products specifically designed for the need of older buyers.
B) a once active and powerful market that is rapidly becoming the bottom of the barrel.
C) a situation where products are sold through unauthorized channels of distribution.
D) a pricing structure that is based upon haggling that is considered acceptable in some countries but not others.
E) the willingness of one party to accept gifts in exchange for better prices or price allowances.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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President Bill Clinton attempted to protect American firms from foreign competition by placing a government tax on Japanese automobiles imported to the United States. President Clinton's goal was to raise the price on Japanese imports, thereby encouraging American consumers to purchase American-made automobiles. The tax the president threatened to impose is an example of a


A) boycott.
B) quota.
C) tariff.
D) sanction.
E) subsidy.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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A country's communications, transportation, financial, and distribution systems are considered to be its


A) capital improvements.
B) fixed-asset base.
C) economic infrastructure.
D) geopolitical wealth.
E) asset wealth.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements about the World Trade Organization (WTO) is most accurate?


A) The WTO acts as an agent in trade negotiations between its members and the remainder of the world.
B) The 179 member countries of the WTO account for less than 25 percent of world trade.
C) The WTO was formed by the major industrialized nations in 1995 to address trade issues.
D) The WTO uses panels of trade experts who can issue nonbinding recommendations.
E) The WTO was formed by the United Nations.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Although Russia now has a free economy, there are still some problems with its financial and legal systems, as well as with the notion of


A) private property.
B) product promotion.
C) paid advertising.
D) community property.
E) foreign exchange rates.

F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

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In international trade, dumping refers to


A) illegally disposing of unusable or damaged goods to avoid paying removal fees and/or taxes.
B) a firm selling damaged or unsalable goods below their original production cost.
C) a firm selling quality goods at significantly lower prices for the primary purpose of reducing inventory to make room for seasonal goods.
D) a firm selling quality goods at significantly lower prices for the primary purpose of reducing inventory to make room for newer or more expensive models.
E) a firm selling a product in a foreign country below its domestic price or below its actual cost.

F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

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Lever Europe, a division of Unilever, markets its Snuggle fabric softener in the United States. But in 10 European countries, it uses seven brand names, including Kuschelweich in German, Coccolino in Italy, and Mimosin in France. These products also have different packages, different advertising programs, and occasionally different formulas. From this information, we can assume that Lever Europe uses __________ marketing strategy.


A) an ethnocentric
B) a transnational
C) a global
D) an international
E) a multidomestic

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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