A) The WTO is an institution that sets rules governing trade between its members.
B) The WTO acts as an agent in trade negotiations between its members and the remainder of the world.
C) The 183 member countries of the WTO account for approximately 55 percent of world trade.
D) The WTO uses panels of trade experts who issue nonbinding recommendations.
E) The WTO was formed by the United Nations.
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Multiple Choice
A) joint venture
B) licensing
C) franchising
D) indirect export
E) direct investment
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Multiple Choice
A) are more similar than different regarding their purchase behaviors.
B) are becoming more similar, but still differ significantly in terms of fashion and design.
C) are rebelling against the Americanization of fashion and culture.
D) have very different tastes in fashions and music.
E) are more influenced by Asian culture than European culture.
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Multiple Choice
A) it provides a safe haven in times of world economic crises.
B) there is a common language advantage among EU consumers.
C) most companies within the EU are engaging in strategic global partnerships.
D) there is now a legally binding code of economic conduct.
E) firms do not need to market their products and services on a nation-by-nation basis.
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Multiple Choice
A) English, Japanese, and Chinese.
B) English, French, and Spanish.
C) Japanese, Spanish, and French.
D) Japanese, Spanish, and English.
E) Spanish, English, and Chinese.
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Multiple Choice
A) personally or socially held core beliefs that are consistent within a given culture.
B) the beliefs that dictate a person's behavior, which are often derived from a religious code of conduct.
C) personally or socially preferable modes of conduct or states of existence that tend to persist over time.
D) the innate sense of what a person considers to be right or wrong in terms of his or her own conduct when dealing with others.
E) those personality traits regarding honesty and integrity that have been passed down from generation to generation.
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Multiple Choice
A) Esperanto
B) back translation
C) semiotics
D) semantic symbolism
E) linguistic exchange
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Essay
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Multiple Choice
A) Country partisanship
B) Cultural ethnocentrism
C) Economic ethnocentrism
D) Consumer ethnocentrism
E) Nationalism
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Multiple Choice
A) all potential consumers for any and all products or services regardless of cultural, ethnic, or national origins.
B) customers within a nation who consider the entire world a single marketplace.
C) consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world who have similar needs or seek similar features and benefits from products or services.
D) consumer groups living in many countries or regions of the world that have similar needs but seek customized features and benefits from products or services that reflect their individual cultures.
E) multinational organizations whose products incorporate raw materials, assembly, and distribution contributions from multiple nations before they are marketed.
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Multiple Choice
A) direct importing
B) licensing
C) indirect exporting
D) joint venture
E) direct exporting
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Multiple Choice
A) direct exporting.
B) indirect exporting.
C) contract manufacturing.
D) foreign assembly.
E) franchising.
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Multiple Choice
A) a government tax on products or services entering a country that primarily serves to raise prices on imports.
B) government payments to companies or industries that serve to lower costs and provide a competitive advantage to domestic industries.
C) a restriction placed on the amount of a product allowed to enter or leave a country.
D) a minimum requirement for the purchase of specific products or services between two nations.
E) a refusal to purchase or exchange products or services with another nation unless certain financial or ideological requirements have been satisfied.
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Multiple Choice
A) exporting.
B) direct investment.
C) countertrade.
D) licensing.
E) multinational marketing.
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Multiple Choice
A) intentional transliteration
B) semantic symbolism
C) back translation
D) semantic analysis
E) linguistic exchange
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Multiple Choice
A) likelihood of long-term success.
B) financial commitment and risk.
C) vulnerability to political changes and doctrines.
D) need for a more educated workforce.
E) need for a larger workforce.
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Multiple Choice
A) indirect exporting.
B) direct ownership.
C) joint ventures.
D) licensing.
E) direct exporting.
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Multiple Choice
A) joint venture
B) licensing
C) exporting
D) direct investment
E) franchise
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Multiple Choice
A) Bribes, kickbacks, and payoffs offered to entice someone to commit an illegal or improper act are deemed corrupt in some cultures but not in others.
B) The world's major exporting nations have agreed to treat bribery of foreign government officials as a violation of trade agreements.
C) Bribes paid to foreign companies are in some cases a tax-deductible expense in the United States.
D) It is a crime for U.S. corporations to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party unless preapproved by the Federal Trade Commission.
E) It is illegal for a U.S. corporation to bribe an official of a foreign government or political party to obtain or retain business in a foreign country.
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Multiple Choice
A) product extension strategy
B) product adaptation strategy
C) dual adaptation strategy
D) product invention strategy
E) communication adaptation strategy
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