Question 1

When Jeff asked Joanna how to fix the error message he keeps getting on his computer,Joanna wrote the step-by-step instructions down for Jeff so that he could take care of the problem relatively easily.The type of knowledge described in this situation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  consensus-based knowledge.
B)  tacit knowledge.
C)  explicit knowledge.
D)  intuition knowledge.
E)  implicit knowledge.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

_____ can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick,nonconscious,and holistic associations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Performance-avoid orientation
B)  Intuition
C)  Performance-prove orientation
D)  Nonprogrammed decisions
E)  Rational decisionsF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 3

Those with a performance-prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think favorably of them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

_____ are simple,efficient,rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics
B)  Extinction effects
C)  Self-fulfilling prophecies
D)  Climates of transfer
E)  AttributionsF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior.They are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution biases.
B)  communities of practice.
C)  contingencies of reinforcement.
D)  climates of transfer.
E)  heuristics.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Susan always focuses on demonstrating her ability so that her coworkers think favorably of her.Susan can be said to have a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  projection bias.
B)  availability bias.
C)  performance-prove orientation.
D)  self-serving bias.
E)  performance-avoid orientation.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D) C

Question 7

_____ are groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics developers
B)  Communities of practice
C)  Control moderators
D)  Social information systems
E)  Attribution anchorsF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Communities of practice are groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

For positive reinforcement to be successful,an employee needs to see a direct link between his/her behavior and the desired outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Jack recently received a $100 gift certificate and the quarterly attendance award at Dri-Fit Manufacturers.Jack's award can be described as which of these contingencies of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics
B)  Retribution
C)  Punishment
D)  Extinction
E)  Positive reinforcementF) A) and E)
G) A) and B) E

Question 11

To be rational decision makers,we should evaluate each alternative as soon as we think of it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Janell,a newly promoted manager at Island Properties,Inc.(IPI) is interested in learning about what she can do to increase desired behaviors at IPI.Which two contingencies of reinforcement she should focus on?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment and extinction
B)  Positive reinforcement and punishment
C)  Punishment and negative reinforcement
D)  Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
E)  Negative reinforcement and extinctionF) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Originally known as _____,B.F.Skinner was the first to pioneer the notion that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary behavior and the consequences that follow it.

Accepted Answer

A)  explicit knowledge
B)  operant conditioning
C)  social identity theory
D)  tacit knowledgeE) C) and D)
F) B) and C) B

Question 15

Bounded rationality says that we are likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  select the first alternative that minimizes value.
B)  evaluate all the alternatives simultaneously.
C)  use accurate information to evaluate alternatives.
D)  develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions.
E)  pick the alternative that maximizes value.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

At a World Issues Conference,all the participants were asked to develop responses to two case situations.People naturally split themselves up into teams based on their occupations.Which of the following helps to explain why the participants acted this way?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-fulfilling prophecy
B)  Bandwagon effect
C)  Social identity theory
D)  Projection bias
E)  Needs theoryF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of explicit knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly personal in nature
B)  Sometimes holders do not even recognize that they possess
C)  Typically job-and/or situation-specific
D)  Always conscious and accessible information
E)  Based on experienceF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of tacit knowledge?

Accepted Answer

A)  Very difficult to articulate to others
B)  Always conscious and accessible information
C)  Can be learned through books
D)  General information
E)  Readily available to mostF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  climates of transfer.
B)  selective perception.
C)  availability action.
D)  satisficing.
E)  thin-slicing.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Because tacit knowledge is so difficult to communicate,_____ might be the single best way to acquire it.

Accepted Answer

A)  written reports
B)  process manuals
C)  extinction
D)  modeling
E)  attribution processF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Exam 7: Learning and Decision Making

When Jeff asked Joanna how to fix the error message he keeps getting on his computer,Joanna wrote the step-by-step instructions down for Jeff so that he could take care of the problem relatively easily.The type of knowledge described in this situation is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ can be described as emotionally charged judgments that arise through quick,nonconscious,and holistic associations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Those with a performance-prove orientation focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think favorably of them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are simple,efficient,rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organizations use four specific consequences to modify employee behavior.They are known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Susan always focuses on demonstrating her ability so that her coworkers think favorably of her.Susan can be said to have a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedC

_____ are groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Communities of practice are groups of employees who work together and learn from one another by collaborating over an extended period of time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For positive reinforcement to be successful,an employee needs to see a direct link between his/her behavior and the desired outcome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jack recently received a $100 gift certificate and the quarterly attendance award at Dri-Fit Manufacturers.Jack's award can be described as which of these contingencies of reinforcement?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

To be rational decision makers,we should evaluate each alternative as soon as we think of it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janell,a newly promoted manager at Island Properties,Inc.(IPI) is interested in learning about what she can do to increase desired behaviors at IPI.Which two contingencies of reinforcement she should focus on?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Originally known as _____,B.F.Skinner was the first to pioneer the notion that we learn by observing the link between our voluntary behavior and the consequences that follow it.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Bounded rationality says that we are likely to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At a World Issues Conference,all the participants were asked to develop responses to two case situations.People naturally split themselves up into teams based on their occupations.Which of the following helps to explain why the participants acted this way?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of explicit knowledge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of tacit knowledge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency for people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because tacit knowledge is so difficult to communicate,_____ might be the single best way to acquire it.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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E

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B

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