Question 1

The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

Accepted Answer

A)  the acidity of the stomach.
B)  tear fluid from the eye.
C)  an un-punctured skin.
D)  mucus and cilia of the respiratory tract.
E)  All answers are correct.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Why would HIV infection lead to immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the antibodies in the body bind to HIV and cannot bind other pathogens.
B)  HIV infects the bone marrow where immune cells are produced.
C)  HIV infects T helper cells.
D)  Antibodies cannot bind to HIV.
E)  The body cannot make antibodies to HIV.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 4

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",flatworms are very thin and lack a specialized respiratory or circulatory system.How does oxygen reach their cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  through spiracles
B)  diffusion through the wall of their body
C)  through gills
D)  through lungs
E)  through capillariesF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

The type of T cell that is primarily responsible for initiating and coordinating the adaptive immune response is the helper T cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the

Accepted Answer

A)  hinge region.
B)  variable region.
C)  constant region.
D)  base of the antibody molecule.
E)  heavy chain only.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 7

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",how can the scientists further test whether flatworms can moderate the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expose white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measure interleukin concentrations.
B)  Expose white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measure interleukin concentrations.
C)  Expose white blood cells to flatworm antigens and measure histamine concentrations.
D)  Expose white blood cells to dust mite antigens and measure histamine concentrations.
E)  Infect children with flatworms and look at their number of white blood cellsF) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 8

The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils.
B)  helper T cells.
C)  mast cells.
D)  cytotoxic T cells.
E)  B cells.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 9

A fever has no defense function,but acts only as a sign that an infection is present in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In many autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis,antibody complexes form in the blood.Kidney failure is a common consequence of these diseases for which reason?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibodies attack the kidney.
B)  The antibody complexes become trapped in the lymph.
C)  The antibody complexes become trapped in the kidney.
D)  The kidney is a part of the lymphatic system and becomes full of lymphocytes.
E)  The kidney is part of the immune system and becomes full of leukocytes.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

Many parasites are too large to be engulfed by phagocytosis.Which of the following would be effective in killing parasites?

Accepted Answer

A)  complement protein
B)  T helper cells
C)  B cells
D)  macrophages
E)  basophilsF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",which of the following occurred during the coevolution of humans and pathogens that causes disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pathogens produce substances that suppress our immune system.
B)  Our immune system can destroy the pathogens before they cause disease.
C)  Pathogens have become less infectious.
D)  Our immune system no longer sees the pathogen as foreign.
E)  Pathogens have developed their own immune system to counteract ours.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

Adaptive immune defenses provide a rapid,broad defense against any infectious agent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is not considered to be a major part of the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)  thymus
B)  bone marrow
C)  spleen
D)  pancreas
E)  lymph nodeF) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Although the lymphatic system has many similarities to the circulatory system,what can the lymphatic system accomplish which the circulatory system cannot?

Accepted Answer

A)  generate white blood cells
B)  collect bacteria,viruses,cancer cells,and other large particles from body tissues
C)  generate red blood cells
D)  destroy bacteria,viruses,cancer cells,and other large particles from body tissues
E)  generate new body tissues during recoveryF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Special cells produced by the immune system that are progeny of properly-stimulated B cells and are antibody-producing factories are

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells.
B)  helper T cells.
C)  plasma cells.
D)  macrophages.
E)  all of the answers.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Accepted Answer

A)  because our bodies develop resistance to the vaccine and it becomes less effective
B)  because the virus develops resistance to the vaccine
C)  because the virus cannot mutate into new strains
D)  because people change their habits each year and become susceptible to different strains of the virus
E)  because the common influenza virus can come from many species of animals,including cats and dogsF) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Which of the following vaccines would expose a person to an antigen for the longest time,and thus be the least likely to require repeated booster vaccinations?

Accepted Answer

A)  an inactivated pathogen
B)  inactivated toxins
C)  subunits of pathogens
D)  a live weakened pathogen
E)  individual proteins from pathogensF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens.
B)  B cells reproduce in lymph nodes after being exposed to pathogens.
C)  Macrophages move to lymph nodes after engulfing pathogens.
D)  Cytotoxic T cells attack pathogens in the lymph nodes,triggering inflammation.
E)  Vasodilation increases blood flow in the lymph nodes.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",what is the independent variable in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of children with allergies to dust mites
B)  the amount of interleukin-10 produced
C)  the number of white blood cells in the children's blood
D)  the amount of antibodies in the children's blood
E)  the presence or absence of flatworm infectionsF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Exam 29: The Immune System

Physical and chemical barriers that form the first line of innate defense include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In many autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis,antibody complexes form in the blood.Kidney failure is a common consequence of these diseases for which reason?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of T cell that is primarily responsible for initiating and coordinating the adaptive immune response is the helper T cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following vaccines would expose a person to an antigen for the longest time,and thus be the least likely to require repeated booster vaccinations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fever has no defense function,but acts only as a sign that an infection is present in the body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "master cells" of the immune system that initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",flatworms are very thin and lack a specialized respiratory or circulatory system.How does oxygen reach their cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do lymph nodes often become swollen during an infection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Special cells produced by the immune system that are progeny of properly-stimulated B cells and are antibody-producing factories are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would HIV infection lead to immunodeficiency?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The region of an antibody molecule that recognizes and binds to an antigen is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",which of the following occurred during the coevolution of humans and pathogens that causes disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",what is the independent variable in the figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adaptive immune defenses provide a rapid,broad defense against any infectious agent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not considered to be a major part of the immune system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although the lymphatic system has many similarities to the circulatory system,what can the lymphatic system accomplish which the circulatory system cannot?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many parasites are too large to be engulfed by phagocytosis.Which of the following would be effective in killing parasites?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the section "Investigating Life: The Hidden Cost of Hygiene",how can the scientists further test whether flatworms can moderate the immune system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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