Question 1

Which of the following represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 + H2O 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > H2CO32 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+
B)  CO2 + H2O 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > H2CO3
C)  H2CO3 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > CO2 + H2O2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+
D)  H2CO3 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+
E)  CO2 + H2O 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary,digestive,and respiratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following does not stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension
B)  Hyponatremia
C)  Hyperkalemia
D)  High blood sodium concentration
E)  High blood potassium concentrationF) B) and D)
G) B) and E) D

Question 5

Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH release is inhibited.
B)  ADH release is stimulated.
C)  The renal tubules reabsorb more water.
D)  The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
E)  The kidneys produce less urine.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.95-7.05
B)  7.05-7.15
C)  7.15-7.25
D)  7.25-7.35
E)  7.35-7.45F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 8

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid,they __________ at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete potassium
B)  secrete sodium
C)  reabsorb potassium
D)  secrete chloride
E)  reabsorb sodiumF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intracellular fluid (ICF) 
B)  Extracellular fluid (ECF) 
C)  Tissue (interstitial)  fluid
D)  Blood plasma and lymph
E)  Transcellular fluidF) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the most abundant anion in the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3-
B)  PO43-
C)  HPO42-
D)  H2PO4-
E)  Cl-F) A) and E)
G) D) and E) E

Question 12

Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
B)  Hypotonic hydration
C)  Hypervolemia
D)  Increased sensible water loss
E)  Increased respiratory water lossF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

What protein is the most important buffer in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrinogen
B)  Albumin
C)  Alpha globulin
D)  Gamma globulin
E)  TransferrinF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 14

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of these conditions is not a result of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells are more excitable.
B)  The resting membrane potential is more negative.
C)  The cells are partially depolarized.
D)  The cells are more sensitive to stimulation.
E)  There is less diffusion of potassium out of the cells.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH with their ___________ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH with their __________ side groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  -NH2; -PO4
B)  -PO4; -COOH
C)  -NH2; -COOH
D)  -COOH; -NH2
E)  -PO4; -NH2F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Which buffer system accounts for 75% of all chemical buffering in the body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protein buffer system
B)  The bicarbonate system
C)  The phosphate system
D)  The carbonic acid system
E)  The ammonium buffer systemF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+
B)  Na+
C)  K+
D)  Cl-
E)  PiF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Most body water intake is from __________,whereas most body water lost is via __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
B)  metabolic water; sweat
C)  drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
D)  drinking; urine
E)  drinking; radiationF) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Emphysema can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis
B)  Metabolic alkalosis
C)  Respiratory alkalosis
D)  Respiratory acidosis
E)  Digestive alkalosisF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Exam 24: Water,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Which of the following represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary,digestive,and respiratory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid,they __________ at the same time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most abundant anion in the ECF?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What protein is the most important buffer in blood plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these conditions is not a result of hyperkalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH with their ___________ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH with their __________ side groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which buffer system accounts for 75% of all chemical buffering in the body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most body water intake is from __________,whereas most body water lost is via __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emphysema can lead to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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False

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E

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Proteins can buffer a drop in pH with their _ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH with their side groups.

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Most body water intake is from ,whereas most body water lost is via .

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