Question 1

How do the kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  By secreting more bicarbonate ions
B)  By secreting more hydrogen ions
C)  By secreting more sodium ions
D)  By reabsorbing more hydrogen ions
E)  By reabsorbing more ammoniaF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 2

What is the principal cation of the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+
B)  Cl-
C)  K+
D)  Na+
E)  PiF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates angiotensin II secretion.
B)  It promotes water conservation.
C)  It stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors.
D)  It inhibits salivation and thirst.
E)  It targets the cerebral cortex.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

What protein is the most important buffer in erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albumin
B)  Fibrinogen
C)  Gamma globulin
D)  Hemoglobin
E)  MyoglobinF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following accurately describes the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not a significant component of nucleic acids.
B)  They are not important for cell membrane structure.
C)  They are not necessary in the linking of endergonic with exergonic reactions.
D)  They form crystals with calcium in the presence of calsequestrin.
E)  They participate in the activation of some enzymes.F) D) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Where are cells with aldosterone receptors found?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenal cortex
B)  Adrenal medulla
C)  Posterior pituitary
D)  Proximal convoluted tubule
E)  Distal convoluted tubuleF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 7

The kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is not a role of calcium in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  It participates in muscle contraction.
B)  It is a significant component of nucleic acids.
C)  They serve as second messengers.
D)  It activates exocytosis.
E)  It is important in blood clotting.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

What is the total body water (TBW) content of a 70 kg young male?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 L
B)  20 L
C)  40 L
D)  60 L
E)  70 LF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

What determines osmosis from one fluid compartment to another?

Accepted Answer

A)  The temperature difference between compartments
B)  The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment
C)  The relative volume in each compartment
D)  The relative size of each compartment
E)  The blood pressureF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Water output is largely controlled by varying ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic water production
B)  sweating
C)  cutaneous transpiration
D)  drinking
E)  urine volumeF) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following is a result of phosphate excretion from the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in free potassium ions in the ECF
B)  An increase in free calcium ions in the ECF
C)  An increase in free chloride ions in the ICF
D)  A decrease in free potassium ions in the ECF
E)  A decrease in free calcium ions in the ECFF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Chronic vomiting can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis
B)  Metabolic alkalosis
C)  Respiratory alkalosis
D)  Respiratory acidosis
E)  Lymphatic alkalosisF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

In response to dehydration,osmoreceptors stimulate the secretion of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  calcitonin
C)  ANP
D)  sodium ions
E)  bicarbonate ionsF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 17

Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cooling of the mouth
B)  Distention of the stomach by ingested water
C)  A drop in blood osmolarity
D)  Moistening of the mouth
E)  Increased salivationF) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

In a state of water balance,average daily fluid gains and losses are equal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following occurs with hypokalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells are partially depolarized.
B)  There is more diffusion of potassium into the cells.
C)  Cells are more excitable.
D)  The resting membrane potential is more positive.
E)  Cells are hyperpolarized.F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 20

A hemorrhage results in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in water volume without significantly affecting the osmolarity
B)  A decrease in water volume and an increase in osmolarity
C)  A decrease in water volume and a decrease in osmolarity
D)  An increase in ECF volume but a decrease in ICF volume
E)  A decrease in ECF volume but an increase ICF volumeF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 24: Water,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the principal cation of the ECF?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Long-term inhibition of thirst is mostly associated with which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A hemorrhage results in which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In response to dehydration,osmoreceptors stimulate the secretion of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chronic vomiting can lead to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a state of water balance,average daily fluid gains and losses are equal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What protein is the most important buffer in erythrocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Uncompensated alkalosis is a pH imbalance that can only be corrected with clinical intervention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do the kidneys compensate respiratory acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natriuretic peptides promote sodium and potassium excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys secrete ADH in response to dehydration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a role of calcium in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are cells with aldosterone receptors found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurs with hypokalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a result of phosphate excretion from the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water output is largely controlled by varying ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following accurately describes the inorganic phosphates (Pi) of the body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines osmosis from one fluid compartment to another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the total body water (TBW) content of a 70 kg young male?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Which of the following accurately describes the inorganic phosphates (P_i) of the body fluids?

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