Question 1

The protein derived from a particular gene is different when it is found in a neuron than in a muscle cell. This is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)   alternative mRNA processing.
B)   regulation of mRNA translation.
C)   alteration of protein activity.
D)   mRNA editing.
E)   DNA excision.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 2

An oncogene is more likely to lead to cancer than a mutant tumor suppressor because

Accepted Answer

A)   a gain of function mutation in an oncogene need only occur in one allele before it disrupts control of the cell cycle.
B)   a loss of function mutation in an oncogene is sufficient to cause unregulated cell division.
C)   the mutant oncogene may inactivate telomerase.
D)   a gain of function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene can promote the cell cycle.
E)   a gain of function mutation in an oncogene is more likely to cause the other allele to mutate.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

A mutation that causes a gain of function in a tumor suppressor gene would not likely cause cancer because a tumor suppressor protein

Accepted Answer

A)   normally promotes the cell cycle.
B)   normally responds to growth factors.
C)   activates a signal transduction pathway.
D)   inactivates growth factors.
E)   does not promote cell division.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 4

A translocation may lead to cancer if it

Accepted Answer

A)   disrupts control of expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle.
B)   deletes the telomere of the chromosome.
C)   moves genes from one chromosome to another.
D)   activates tumor suppressor genes.
E)   affects both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 5

A positive genetic test for telomerase indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   RB is inactive.
B)   a cell is undergoing apoptosis.
C)   proto-oncogenes have not yet mutated.
D)   a cell is probably cancerous.
E)   tumor suppressors are active.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Therapeutic cloning

Accepted Answer

A)   can produce clones of adult individuals.
B)   can be used to produce superior farm animals.
C)   can produce specialized cells to treat human disease.
D)   can be used to create new species of plants.
E)   can produce embryonic stem cells.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following series of events is in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)   signal transduction pathway stimulates receptor, transcription activator is activated by target gene
B)   chemical binds to receptor, signal transduction pathway stimulates transcription activator, target gene is transcribed and translated
C)   chemical binds to receptor, target gene is transcribed and translated, signal transduction pathway stimulates proteins that bring about desired changes
D)   signal transduction pathway activates receptor, chemical binds to receptor, target gene stimulates transcription activator
E)   chemical binds to receptor, signal transduction pathway stimulates target gene, target gene stimulates transcription activatorF) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 8

A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a proto-oncogene

Accepted Answer

A)   may cause cancer if mutated, whereas a tumor suppressor gene cannot.
B)   stimulates mitosis in a normal cell, whereas a tumor suppressor gene inhibits mitosis.
C)   only activates enzymes in a cell that allow metastasis.
D)   inhibits the cell cycle, whereas a tumor suppressor accelerates the cell cycle.
E)   promotes meiosis, whereas a tumor suppressor gene promotes mitosis.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

The unpacking of heterochromatin into euchromatin does not immediately result in DNA transcription because

Accepted Answer

A)   Barr bodies are still present.
B)   histones still block the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
C)   euchromatin is always transcriptionally inactive.
D)   transcription factors still block the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
E)   heterochromatin contains DNA with accessible promoters.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Inheritance of mutant forms of some genes may lead to a predisposition to develop cancer. Which of the genes listed below has not been linked to hereditary forms of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   BRCA-1
B)   RB
C)   RET
D)   ras
E)   DScamF) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

In the absence of growth factors, the retinoblastoma (RB)  protein binds a transcription activator called E2F, preventing the cell from entering S stage. A mutation in E2F occurs that causes RB to no longer bind it. This mutant E2F would be considered a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   oncogene
B)   proto-oncogene
C)   tumor suppressor
D)   gain-of-function mutant
E)   growth factorF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

What would be the most likely result on the regulation of the lac operon from a non-functional repressor protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription of the lactose metabolizing genes, even when lactose is absent
B)   no transcription of the lactose metabolizing genes, even when lactose is present
C)   binding of the repressor protein to the operator even when lactose is present
D)   binding of the repressor protein to the regulatory gene in both the presence and absence of lactose
E)   no transcription of the regulatory gene, even in the presence of lactoseF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

Transcription activators are different from transcription factors in that

Accepted Answer

A)   transcription activators are required for RNA polymerase binding, while transcription factors slow RNA polymerase binding.
B)   transcription activators accelerate transcription, while transcription factors assist RNA polymerase binding.
C)   transcription activators slow transcription, while transcription factors accelerate transcription.
D)   transcription factors prevent RNA polymerase binding, while transcription activators assist RNA polymerase binding.
E)   transcription factors are required for RNA polymerase binding, while transcription activators accelerate transcription.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Embryonic cells and cancer cells are similar because

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA polymerase is inactive.
B)   telomerase is active.
C)   telomerase is inactive.
D)   RNA polymerase is inactive.
E)   proto-oncogenes are inactive.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Stem cells that contain telomerase can be found in adults.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figure: 
-Which of the DNA sequences shown in the figure are transcribed and translated to produce proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, and 4
B)   2 and 3
C)   2, 3, and 4
D)   1, 2, and 3
E)   1 and 4F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

Prokaryotes regulate gene expression with a promoter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Figure: 
-Which of the DNA sequences shown in the figure is/are bound by a regulatory protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   1 and 4
E)   2 and 3F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

A protein that promotes apoptosis would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   oncogene.
B)   proto-oncogene.
C)   tumor suppressor.
D)   mutant tumor suppressor.
E)   signal transduction pathway protein.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulate the growth of blood vessels
B)   travel through the bloodstream to other parts of the body
C)   exhibit contact inhibition
D)   have abnormal chromosomes
E)   produced by a mutation of a proto-oncogeneF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Exam 12: Gene Regulation and Cancer

The protein derived from a particular gene is different when it is found in a neuron than in a muscle cell. This is most likely due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A mutation that causes a gain of function in a tumor suppressor gene would not likely cause cancer because a tumor suppressor protein

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the absence of growth factors, the retinoblastoma (RB) protein binds a transcription activator called E2F, preventing the cell from entering S stage. A mutation in E2F occurs that causes RB to no longer bind it. This mutant E2F would be considered a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prokaryotes regulate gene expression with a promoter.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stem cells that contain telomerase can be found in adults.

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A positive genetic test for telomerase indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Therapeutic cloning

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The unpacking of heterochromatin into euchromatin does not immediately result in DNA transcription because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A protein that promotes apoptosis would be considered a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a characteristic of cancer cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inheritance of mutant forms of some genes may lead to a predisposition to develop cancer. Which of the genes listed below has not been linked to hereditary forms of cancer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A proto-oncogene differs from a tumor suppressor gene because a proto-oncogene

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transcription activators are different from transcription factors in that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Embryonic cells and cancer cells are similar because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure: -Which of the DNA sequences shown in the figure are transcribed and translated to produce proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure: -Which of the DNA sequences shown in the figure is/are bound by a regulatory protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would be the most likely result on the regulation of the lac operon from a non-functional repressor protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An oncogene is more likely to lead to cancer than a mutant tumor suppressor because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A translocation may lead to cancer if it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following series of events is in the correct order?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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