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Nico wants to buy a new digital camera for his semester studying abroad but he knows very little about cameras himself, having never owned one. As a result, he has begun asking for advice from friends and relatives. In addition, he has talked to a salesperson at a Wolf camera shop and Best Buy and has looked at some websites. Nico is engaging in


A) problem recognition.
B) an internal search.
C) the purchase decision.
D) an external search.
E) the creation of an antecedent state

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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In the VALS framework, consumers with the least resources of any segment represent a modest market for most products and services, and are loyal to favorite brands, especially if they can be purchased at a discount are referred to as __________.


A) Strivers
B) Believers
C) Survivors
D) Makers
E) Thinkers

F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

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All of the following are five situational influences can have an impact on a consumer's purchase decision process EXCEPT:


A) physical surroundings.
B) purchase task.
C) temporal effects.
D) consumer socialization.
E) antecedent states.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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When the state of Virginia touts the slogan "Virginia is for Lovers," it is trying to appeal to people's __________ in order to attract them as potential residents, part of its workforce, or vacationers.


A) self-concept
B) individualized perception
C) self-evaluation
D) self-actualization
E) personal perception

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Selective retention is most likely to occur during which stage of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) information search
B) purchase decision
C) alternative evaluation
D) postpurchase behavior
E) problem recognition

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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Nicole gives her young daughter Kelli an allowance of $5 a week. Sometimes, Nicole takes Kelli shopping. But if Kelli wants something that costs more than she has saved, Nicole reminds her she needs to keep saving. When Kelli is finally able to purchase a special, more expensive item, she is allowed to pay for it herself, including bringing the product to the sales clerk to complete the purchase. In this way, Nicole encourages the development of Kelli's


A) consumer assimilation.
B) consumer acculturation.
C) purchasing socialization.
D) consumer socialization.
E) purchasing enculturation.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Enlightened carmakers have hired women designers, engineers, and marketing executives to better understand the way women decide to buy new cars. They learned that


A) meeting the expectations of men during the new-car purchasing process was more difficult than meeting those of women.
B) men make the majority of new-car purchasing decisions.
C) women and men think differently about the new-car buying experience.
D) women care more about quality than men.
E) men care more about price than women.

F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Prexa was offended by the brand name of a new product for women. She believed the name of the product was demeaning and that it reflected a negative attitude of the manufacturer towards women in general. Although this may simply be the result of __________, if other women interpreted the name choice the same way, it is likely this product would fail.


A) selective retention
B) selective comprehension
C) selective exposure
D) selective analysis
E) stimulus discrimination

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Correct Answer

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A learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way is referred to as a(n) __________.


A) attitude
B) belief
C) value
D) motivation
E) perception

F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

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While watching TV one evening, your stomach growls. You see an ad for Jimmy John's. You walk to Jimmy John's and buy a sandwich, which tastes great. In terms of behavioral learning, walking to the sandwich shop and buying a sandwich is a __________.


A) drive
B) response
C) reinforcement
D) cue
E) prompt

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Sensitivity to consumers' consumption or use experience, whether they are satisfied or dissatisfied, is extremely important in their __________.


A) consideration set assessment
B) prepurchase behavior
C) evaluative criteria selection
D) value perceptions
E) information search

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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A movie theater owner embedded brief messages during trailers before showing the feature film. The messages, which flashed on the screen for such a short time that moviegoers were not consciously aware of them, urged consumers to "Drink Coke" and to "Eat Popcorn," encouraging them to visit the snack lobby. Research has shown what about such messages?


A) Selective perception overrides advertising messages.
B) Selective exposure is difficult for marketers to surmount.
C) Subliminal messages have limited effects on behavior.
D) Subliminal perception enables marketers to motivate consumers to take an action.
E) Subliminal messages were deemed illegal by the Federal Trade Commission at the time these were shown in the movie theater.

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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What attitude change approach did Colgate marketers use to encourage consumers to purchase its product when it began to include the antibacterial agent triclosan in its product?


A) changing beliefs about the extent to which a brand has certain attributes
B) changing the perceived importance of attributes
C) adding new attributes to the product
D) providing free trials of the new product
E) obtaining a seal of approval to reduce consumers' risk and encourage purchases

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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Jenn needed to have another set of keys made for her apartment so she went to Home Depot to have it done since she remembered her dad going there. This is an example of


A) limited problem solving.
B) extended problem solving.
C) situational problem solving.
D) routine problem solving.
E) integrated problem solving.

F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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If you read the chapters from your marketing textbook the night before this test and still could not remember several of the correct marketing terms to do well on the exam, this may be the result of


A) selective retention.
B) selective comprehension.
C) selective exposure.
D) selective perception.
E) subliminal perception.

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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When the marketing student said, "It's really hard for me to get to class on time without a car," she was entering which stage of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) purchase decision
B) alternative evaluation
C) information search
D) problem recognition
E) postpurchase behavior

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is the largest racial/ethnic subculture in the United States?


A) Asian Americans
B) Hispanics
C) Caucasians
D) African Americans
E) Native Americans

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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__________ influences on consumer behavior result from three sources: consumer socialization, passage through the family life cycle, and decision-making within the family or household.


A) Functional
B) Situational
C) Social
D) Family
E) Personal

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Based on the stages of the family life cycle, which of the following groups most likely has the largest amount of discretionary income?


A) young couples without children
B) single parents with children
C) young singles
D) young married couples with children
E) middle-aged couples with children

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Correct Answer

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Why is learning important to marketing?

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Learning is important to marketing becau...

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