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Ecology is best defined as the study of:


A) Organisms as they interact with other organisms and their physical surrounding
B) Population increases and decreases
C) How populations are restricted by environmental resistance
D) Populations
E) The rate of population change

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Which of these is the best way to control population growth rate in LDCs?


A) A good family planning program can help the growth rate decline even if the country is not yet industrialized
B) The less developed countries will always have a high growth rate with no accompanying problems so there is no need to do anything
C) The growth rate will decline only when the less developed countries are industrialized as much as the more developed countries
D) The less developed countries already have a low growth rate so there is no need to do anything
E) The growth rate of more developed countries contributes more to world population growth so we don't need to do anything with the population growth in LDCs

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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Consider that a species of salmon lays 20,000 eggs per pair when it spawns and dies.At the end of five years,an average of one pair of mature salmon from this group of hatched eggs returns again to spawn in the parent stream (19,998 have died) .What is the per capita rate of increase?


A) Zero,because there is exact replacement of the previous generation
B) 10,000,because there were that many eggs produced per parent fish (r)
C) 2,000,because this must be divided by five years
D) -2,000,because there was this much average die-off per year
E) -19,998,because there was this much total loss

F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

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A biologist is studying a type of species which exhibits logistic population growth.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of species?


A) Density-dependent species
B) Opportunistic species
C) Equilibrium species
D) Density-independent species
E) Biotic species

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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If you were studying the phases of the logistic curve,which of the following would not be included in your studies?


A) The lag phase
B) The deceleration phase
C) The biotic potential phase
D) The exponential growth phase
E) The stable equilibrium phase

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A biologist is studying organisms which tend to exhibit a type I survivorship curve.Based on this information you would conclude that he or she is studying which type of organism?


A) Oysters
B) Large mammals
C) Hydras
D) Insects
E) Bacteria

F) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements accurately describes the less developed countries?


A) Low growth rate,different age groups of equal size
B) High birthrate,large postreproductive portion of the population
C) High birthrate,different age groups of equal size
D) High birthrate,large prereproductive portion of the population
E) Low birthrate,large reproductive portion of the population

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is not a factor which affects biotic potential?


A) Age at which reproduction begins
B) How many different mates each individual has
C) Changes of survival until age of reproduction
D) Usual number of offspring per reproduction
E) How often each individual reproduces

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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  -This figure shows a logistic growth curve.What does  E  represent? A) The deceleration phase B) The lag phase C) The exponential growth phase D) Stable equilibrium phase E) The carrying capacity phase -This figure shows a logistic growth curve.What does "E" represent?


A) The deceleration phase
B) The lag phase
C) The exponential growth phase
D) Stable equilibrium phase
E) The carrying capacity phase

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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A number of populations of different species interacting with one another is called:


A) Symbiosis
B) An ecosystem
C) Predation
D) Competition
E) A community

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following describes a type II survivorship curve (drawn by plotting the number of individuals in a given population alive at the beginning of each interval) ?


A) Most individuals die during their reproductive years
B) Most individuals die early in life and of old age
C) Many individuals die early in life
D) Most individuals die of old age
E) Individuals die at a constant rate throughout time

F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

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If you were writing a paper on the relatively thin layer on the earth's surface where life is possible,your paper would be titled:


A) The lithosphere
B) A biopreserve
C) The biosphere
D) A biome
E) The ecosystem

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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A biologist is counting the number of individuals of a population per unit area.She is trying to determine the


A) Population frequency
B) Population density
C) Population capacity
D) Population distribution
E) Population potential

F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

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The invention of modern medicine has enabled the human population to grow exponentially.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following would not be considered a density-dependent factor controlling population size?


A) Drought
B) Predation
C) Parasites
D) Disease
E) Competition

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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The term used to describe population members that are the same age and have the same chances of surviving is:


A) A family
B) A metapopulation
C) Biotic potential
D) A cohort
E) A population

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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