Question 1

When biologists Hetz and Bradley measured the oxygen concentration inside the tracheae of Atlas moth pupae,what hypotheses were they testing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Discontinuous breathing protects against too much oxygen.
B)   Discontinuous breathing decreases water loss.
C)   Discontinuous breathing helps underground insects avoid high levels of carbon dioxide.
D)   Discontinuous breathing saves energy by not moving the diaphragm.
E)   Discontinuous breathing is harmful because less oxygen is taken up.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 2

The concentration of oxygen is decreased at high altitude.Why would this make it harder for a person to get enough oxygen into their blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hemoglobin cannot bind oxygen well at low concentrations.
B)   The concentration gradient from the alveoli to the blood decreases.
C)   People are working harder at high altitude and have higher demands for oxygen.
D)   The concentration of oxygen in the blood is too low for diffusion into tissues.
E)   The heart cannot obtain enough energy to pump oxygen into the blood from the alveoli.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 3

If you were doing research on lung tissue,and you wanted to use a drug to change the state of the bronchioles,you would apply a drug which affected the function of

Accepted Answer

A)   cartilage.
B)   smooth muscle.
C)   cartilage and smooth muscle.
D)   skeletal muscle.
E)   cartilage and skeletal muscle.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

The medulla has receptors that monitor H+ concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Hemoglobin is a(n) _____-rich pigment that carries oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium
B)   potassium
C)   zinc
D)   phosphorous
E)   ironF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 6

You are dealing with a patient in a coma,so you order a brain scan to help diagnose the cause of elevated respiration rate.The scan shows elevated activity in the medulla,and the patient's records indicate a life of work around irritating chemicals,so you suspect that the patient has

Accepted Answer

A)   cystic fibrosis.
B)   asthma.
C)   emphysema.
D)   apnea.
E)   tuberculosis.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 7

The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the production of red blood cells.What effect would this have on transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxygen transport would increase; carbon dioxide transport would not be affected much.
B)   Oxygen transport would decrease; carbon dioxide transport would not be affected much.
C)   Oxygen transport would increase; carbon dioxide transport would decrease.
D)   Oxygen transport would decrease; carbon dioxide transport would increase.
E)   Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport would both increase.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Emphysema is caused by destruction of the walls between alveoli,leading to hyperinflation of the lungs.Which of the following would occur in the lungs of someone with emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased uptake of carbon dioxide
B)   decreased uptake of glucose
C)   decreased uptake of oxygen
D)   decreased rate of respiration
E)   decreased heart rateF) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Which animal(s) can get needed oxygen by diffusion of the gas across a body surface and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)   fish
B)   flatworms
C)   fish and flatworms
D)   sea anemones
E)   sea anemones and flatwormsF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Figuer: 
-What is the independent variable,the one manipulated by the experimenters,in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)   partial pressure of oxygen in the tracheae
B)   number of times the spiracles are open
C)   number of moth pupae
D)   external concentration of oxygen
E)   size of each moth pupaF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

The _________________ nervous system controls the contraction of __________________ in the wall of the bronchioles,thereby adjusting airflow in response to metabolic demands.

Accepted Answer

A)   autonomic; skeletal muscle
B)   autonomic; smooth muscle
C)   somatic; skeletal muscle
D)   somatic; smooth muscle
E)   autonomic; cartilageF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

What homeostatic requirement might explain why discontinuous breathing is only seen in resting insects?

Accepted Answer

A)   Toxic levels of carbon dioxide can build up in active insects.
B)   Resting insects have more metabolic activity.
C)   Oxygen can build up in active insects.
D)   Oxygen is used as quickly as it arrives in active insects.
E)   Resting insects produce more carbon dioxide.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

How does an insect "hold its breath"?

Accepted Answer

A)   by closing its tracheae
B)   by closing its mouth
C)   by closing its spiracles
D)   by closing its gills
E)   by closing its nostrilsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

In working to maintain homeostasis in oxygen concentrations in the body,blood in the pulmonary artery would have _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; less
B)   the same; less
C)   less; more
D)   more; the same
E)   less; lessF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 15

The interaction of blood pH,medulla,and carbon dioxide is an example of homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If a smoker deliberately held their respiration rate at the same level as a non-smoker,the slowed diffusion of gas due to smoking-realted damage could lead to decreased blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

There are approximately ________________ alveoli in the adult human lung.

Accepted Answer

A)   500,000
B)   50 million
C)   500 million
D)   300,000
E)   300 millionF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

Sleep apnea is more common in people who are overweight.Excess fat in the neck compresses the _____,cutting off airflow.

Accepted Answer

A)   larynx
B)   thorax
C)   bronchi
D)   lungs
E)   alveoliF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The small air sacs of the lungs are the

Accepted Answer

A)   alveoli.
B)   bronchioles.
C)   arterioles.
D)   spiracles.
E)   uvula.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

The liquid component of blood is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   lymph.
B)   cytosol.
C)   interstitial fluid.
D)   plasma.
E)   intracellular fluid.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Exam 31: The Respiratory System

You are dealing with a patient in a coma,so you order a brain scan to help diagnose the cause of elevated respiration rate.The scan shows elevated activity in the medulla,and the patient's records indicate a life of work around irritating chemicals,so you suspect that the patient has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sleep apnea is more common in people who are overweight.Excess fat in the neck compresses the _____,cutting off airflow.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In working to maintain homeostasis in oxygen concentrations in the body,blood in the pulmonary artery would have _____ oxygen and _____ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When biologists Hetz and Bradley measured the oxygen concentration inside the tracheae of Atlas moth pupae,what hypotheses were they testing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emphysema is caused by destruction of the walls between alveoli,leading to hyperinflation of the lungs.Which of the following would occur in the lungs of someone with emphysema?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which animal(s) can get needed oxygen by diffusion of the gas across a body surface and can distribute oxygen without the need of a specialized circulatory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concentration of oxygen is decreased at high altitude.Why would this make it harder for a person to get enough oxygen into their blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the production of red blood cells.What effect would this have on transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hemoglobin is a(n) _____-rich pigment that carries oxygen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: -What is the independent variable,the one manipulated by the experimenters,in this figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What homeostatic requirement might explain why discontinuous breathing is only seen in resting insects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _________________ nervous system controls the contraction of __________________ in the wall of the bronchioles,thereby adjusting airflow in response to metabolic demands.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The small air sacs of the lungs are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are approximately ________________ alveoli in the adult human lung.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The medulla has receptors that monitor H+ concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does an insect "hold its breath"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a smoker deliberately held their respiration rate at the same level as a non-smoker,the slowed diffusion of gas due to smoking-realted damage could lead to decreased blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The liquid component of blood is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The interaction of blood pH,medulla,and carbon dioxide is an example of homeostasis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were doing research on lung tissue,and you wanted to use a drug to change the state of the bronchioles,you would apply a drug which affected the function of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In working to maintain homeostasis in oxygen concentrations in the body,blood in the pulmonary artery would have _ oxygen and _ carbon dioxide than blood in the pulmonary vein.

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The _ nervous system controls the contraction of __ in the wall of the bronchioles,thereby adjusting airflow in response to metabolic demands.

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The medulla has receptors that monitor H⁺ concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid.

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