Question 1

A reason(s) given by scientists as to why viruses are not considered living organisms include

Accepted Answer

A)   viruses do not contain a nucleus.
B)   viruses do not reproduce on their own.
C)   viruses can be frozen and still survive.
D)   viruses do not contain genetic information.
E)   viruses are all smaller than the smallest known cells.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 2

A patient receiving a protease inhibitor and AZT is probably being treated for an infection by a

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA virus.
B)   protozoan.
C)   fungus.
D)   bacterium.
E)   retrovirus.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

The shape of a virus is determined by its

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA.
B)   coat protein organization.
C)   envelope.
D)   DNA.
E)   host.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 4

Figuer:
Five different virus species are shown and labeled arrows indicate structures. 
-The virus structure indicated by the arrow labeled A is the

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic material, DNA or RNA.
B)   the bacteriophage.
C)   the bacterial membrane.
D)   the lipid-rich envelope.
E)   the protein coat, or capsid.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

What is the genetic material found in HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)   lipid
B)   carbohydrate
C)   DNA
D)   RNA
E)   proteinF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Drugs like aziodothymidine (AZT) work against HIV infections by inhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)   host cells from reproducing.
B)   viral DNA from inserting into the host chromosome.
C)   viruses from entering a host cell.
D)   the cleaving of proteins needed to make the protein coat of a virus.
E)   reverse transcriptase.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The stage of viral replication in which the virus binds a cell surface receptor is

Accepted Answer

A)   attachment.
B)   release.
C)   assembly.
D)   synthesis.
E)   penetration.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

The influenza viruses,that infect human beings,are usually derived from a type that infects

Accepted Answer

A)   birds and pigs.
B)   chimpanzees and gorillas.
C)   horses and sheep.
D)   a variety of primates.
E)   cattle and water buffalo.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Viruses that infect bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)   prions.
B)   bacteriophages.
C)   also capable of causing disease in humans.
D)   not known to exist.
E)   composed of protein only.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Poliomyelitis is an RNA virus that can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis within a matter of hours.The nearly complete elimination of polio worldwide is due to

Accepted Answer

A)   quarantine.
B)   vaccination.
C)   antibiotics.
D)   mosquito control.
E)   improved water quality.F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

If a person is treated with a single anti-HIV drug,they often end up with a resistant strain.How does this occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   The drugs kill all sensitive viruses, leaving only the preexisting resistant viruses.
B)   The HIV wants to avoid the drug, so it becomes resistant.
C)   The drug causes mutations in the HIV, making them resistant to the drug.
D)   The drugs weaken the immune system, making a patient more susceptible to infection with resistant strains of HIV.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The stage of viral replication in which the host cell produces viral nucleic acids and proteins is

Accepted Answer

A)   attachment.
B)   release.
C)   penetration.
D)   assembly.
E)   synthesis.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Two basic mechanisms by which antibiotics fight infections are in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis,and in the alteration of cell membranes,so

Accepted Answer

A)   viruses are controlled more effectively than other bacteria because of their smaller size.
B)   the replication of the viral DNA or RNA is inhibited when the capsid is damaged by the antibiotic.
C)   None of the answer options are correct.
D)   viruses are not affected at all, because they do not produce their own cell walls or cell membranes.
E)   bacteriophages have evolved to rapidly reconfigure their cell wall and membrane to counteract the damage.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Rhinovirus is an RNA virus that causes the common cold and sinus infections.The virus does not contain an envelope.Which of the following is true of a rhinovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)   It does not contain lipid.
B)   It does not contain lipid or protein.
C)   It does not contain protein or genetic material.
D)   It does not contain protein.
E)   It does not contain genetic material.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Viruses can infect all higher life forms such as plants and animals,but cannot infect bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Figuer: 
-The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) only affects a specific class of cells in the immune system called T helper cells,and not other types of T cells.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   The T helper cells are not necessary for the immune system to fight viral infections.
B)   HIV can only replicate inside of T helper cells.
C)   Only T helper cells have the correct receptor on their cell surface.
D)   Only T helper cells have reverse transcriptase.
E)   HIV can only be released from T helper cells.F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Figuer: 
-Based on the figure from the section on HIV replication,why could researchers use PCR to amplify viral DNA from the chimp Marilyn's tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)   HIV uses DNA as its genetic material.
B)   Some of the HIV will be stuck to the outside of a cell.
C)   PCR uses a reverse transcriptase and can thus detect RNA.
D)   PCR can amplify any genetic material.
E)   HIV is converted to DNA and integrated into a cell's chromosome.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 18

The correct sequence of the stages of viral replication is

Accepted Answer

A)   penetration, attachment, synthesis, release, and then assembly.
B)   attachment, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and then release.
C)   attachment, synthesis, penetration, assembly, and then release.
D)   attachment, penetration, assembly, synthesis, and then release.
E)   penetration, attachment, assembly, synthesis, and then release.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The influenza virus contains an RNA genome.Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Accepted Answer

A)   The virus can rapidly mutate into new strains.
B)   The common influenza virus can come from many species of animals, including cats and dogs.
C)   Our bodies develop resistance to the vaccine and it becomes less effective.
D)   People change their habits each year and become susceptible to different strains of the virus.
E)   The virus develops resistance to the vaccine.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 16: Viruses

The influenza viruses,that infect human beings,are usually derived from a type that infects

Correct Answer
verified

Figuer: -The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) only affects a specific class of cells in the immune system called T helper cells,and not other types of T cells.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

Correct Answer
verified

The influenza virus contains an RNA genome.Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Correct Answer
verified

The shape of a virus is determined by its

Correct Answer
verified

Figuer: -Based on the figure from the section on HIV replication,why could researchers use PCR to amplify viral DNA from the chimp Marilyn's tissues?

Correct Answer
verified

Two basic mechanisms by which antibiotics fight infections are in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis,and in the alteration of cell membranes,so

Correct Answer
verified

If a person is treated with a single anti-HIV drug,they often end up with a resistant strain.How does this occur?

Correct Answer
verified

The stage of viral replication in which the host cell produces viral nucleic acids and proteins is

Correct Answer
verified

A patient receiving a protease inhibitor and AZT is probably being treated for an infection by a

Correct Answer
verified

Viruses can infect all higher life forms such as plants and animals,but cannot infect bacteria.

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs like aziodothymidine (AZT) work against HIV infections by inhibiting

Correct Answer
verified

Poliomyelitis is an RNA virus that can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis within a matter of hours.The nearly complete elimination of polio worldwide is due to

Correct Answer
verified

What is the genetic material found in HIV?

Correct Answer
verified

A reason(s) given by scientists as to why viruses are not considered living organisms include

Correct Answer
verified

The stage of viral replication in which the virus binds a cell surface receptor is

Correct Answer
verified

Viruses that infect bacteria are

Correct Answer
verified

The correct sequence of the stages of viral replication is

Correct Answer
verified

Figuer: Five different virus species are shown and labeled arrows indicate structures. -The virus structure indicated by the arrow labeled A is the

Correct Answer
verified

Rhinovirus is an RNA virus that causes the common cold and sinus infections.The virus does not contain an envelope.Which of the following is true of a rhinovirus?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 16: Viruses

The influenza viruses,that infect human beings,are usually derived from a type that infects

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: -The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) only affects a specific class of cells in the immune system called T helper cells,and not other types of T cells.Which is the best explanation for this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The influenza virus contains an RNA genome.Every year the common flu vaccine is designed to protect against three different strains of the influenza virus.Why do scientists typically have to make a new vaccine every year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shape of a virus is determined by its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: -Based on the figure from the section on HIV replication,why could researchers use PCR to amplify viral DNA from the chimp Marilyn's tissues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two basic mechanisms by which antibiotics fight infections are in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis,and in the alteration of cell membranes,so

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a person is treated with a single anti-HIV drug,they often end up with a resistant strain.How does this occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stage of viral replication in which the host cell produces viral nucleic acids and proteins is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient receiving a protease inhibitor and AZT is probably being treated for an infection by a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viruses can infect all higher life forms such as plants and animals,but cannot infect bacteria.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs like aziodothymidine (AZT) work against HIV infections by inhibiting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poliomyelitis is an RNA virus that can invade the nervous system and cause paralysis within a matter of hours.The nearly complete elimination of polio worldwide is due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the genetic material found in HIV?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reason(s) given by scientists as to why viruses are not considered living organisms include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stage of viral replication in which the virus binds a cell surface receptor is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Viruses that infect bacteria are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The correct sequence of the stages of viral replication is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: Five different virus species are shown and labeled arrows indicate structures. -The virus structure indicated by the arrow labeled A is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rhinovirus is an RNA virus that causes the common cold and sinus infections.The virus does not contain an envelope.Which of the following is true of a rhinovirus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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