Question 1

Within the country of Indonesia,the island of Sumatra has tigers and rhinos,while to the East,the island of Sulawesi has cockatoos and tree kangaroos.What is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sumatra separated from Sulawesi millions of years ago, and the Sumatran animals have since become dissimilar to their ancestors in Australia.
B)   The climates on the two islands are very different, allowing some species to survive, and others not.
C)   Some species can migrate between islands and others cannot.
D)   Animals in Sumatra came from Asia, while those in Sulawesi came from Australia.
E)   Animals in Sumatra and Sulawesi both came from Asia, but those in Sulawesi migrated farther.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 2

If a structure has no apparent function in one species,yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species,this structure is termed

Accepted Answer

A)   heterologous.
B)   homologous.
C)   analogous.
D)   vestigial.
E)   homeotic.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Earth's history spans about 4.5 billion years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

If many genes from two species differ in about 5% of their bases and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 5% per 1 million years,then about _____ million years have passed since the two species diverged.

Accepted Answer

A)   5
B)   50
C)   20
D)   1
E)   10F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

The Cretaceous and Jurassic periods are part of the _____ era.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mesozoic
B)   Cenozoic
C)   Proterozoic
D)   Archean
E)   PaleozoicF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution,these structures are

Accepted Answer

A)   heterologous.
B)   homeotic.
C)   homologous.
D)   analogous.
E)   vestigial.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

Absolute dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.

Accepted Answer

A)   a molecular clock
B)   embryonic structures
C)   depth within rock layers
D)   radioactive isotopes
E)   structural featuresF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

In biology lab,your instructor informs you that Carbon-14 dating will demonstrate the use of determining the age of a fossil.Using only this information,you estimate that the age of the fossil must be less than

Accepted Answer

A)   about 1.3 billion years old.
B)   about 300,000 years old.
C)   only one or two half-lifes of carbon, or from 5,730 to 11,460 years.
D)   about 40,000 years old.
E)   about 10,000 years old.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 9

One line of evidence that humans arose in Africa is the observation that

Accepted Answer

A)   African rRNA sequences place them in the domain Archaea.
B)   Africans have the most diverse nuclear DNA sequences.
C)   Africans have slower molecular clocks.
D)   Africans have the most diverse mitochondrial DNA sequences.
E)   Africans have fewer genes.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

The common skeletal organization between two vertebrate animals,with bony limbs used for movement,is a example of analogous structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent evolution
B)   They can no longer mate and swap the mutation.
C)   Natural selection favors mutations in one species over another.
D)   The molecular clock runs at different speeds in different species.
E)   The mutations make the species different.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 12

Aside from biology,(a) field (fields) of study that have contributed to modern evolutionary understanding is (are)

Accepted Answer

A)   geology.
B)   biogeography.
C)   biochemistry.
D)   paleontology.
E)   All of the answer choices are correct.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 13

In the geologic timescale,an environmental condition that changed prior to the appearance of complex species,from eukaryote cells to animals and plants,was

Accepted Answer

A)   an "explosion" of simpler and diverse animals that helped develop ecological interrelationships among species.
B)   a large increase in atmospheric oxygen gas levels from photosynthesis in prokaryote cells.
C)   microevolution had to change the species traits enough that paleontologists could distinguish the geologic eras and periods.
D)   non-vascular and vascular plants had to develop the photosynthesis process and produce oxygen gas in the atmosphere.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Fossils may be

Accepted Answer

A)   All of the answer choices are correct.
B)   from impressions left after an organism decays.
C)   casts from footprints that have filled with mud and then turned to stone.
D)   formed when plant resin or tar preserves the specimen.
E)   formed as organic matter is replaced by minerals, turning to stone.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 15

The techniques used to study molecular evolution are based on the comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Potassium-40 is useful in determining the age of a fossil in samples

Accepted Answer

A)   300,000 years of age and older.
B)   less than 25,000 years of age.
C)   less than 50,000 years of age.
D)   aged between 50,000 and 100,000 years.
E)   aged between 100,000 and 250,000 years.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following is most likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Accepted Answer

A)   an organ like an eye or lung
B)   a leaf or stem
C)   an organism that died on land
D)   a bone or shell
E)   a complete large organismF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

The large,rigid layers of Earth's surface that are moving in response to forces deep within Earth,are called

Accepted Answer

A)   paleontologic units.
B)   tectonic plates.
C)   radioisotopes.
D)   Wallace's lines.
E)   petrifactions.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 19

The wing of a bat and an insect are examples of _____ structures.

Accepted Answer

A)   analogous
B)   homologous
C)   homeotic
D)   heterologous
E)   vestigialF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

As recently as 2007,researchers found evidence of ___,that was (were) shared by chickens and Tyrannosaurus rex.

Accepted Answer

A)   gene sequences on chromosomes
B)   35 body features
C)   None of the answer choices are correct.
D)   amino acids in the collagen proteins
E)   brain structures in the skullsF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Exam 13: Evidence of Evolution

As recently as 2007,researchers found evidence of ___,that was (were) shared by chickens and Tyrannosaurus rex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The techniques used to study molecular evolution are based on the comparison of nucleotide and amino acid sequences among species.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within the country of Indonesia,the island of Sumatra has tigers and rhinos,while to the East,the island of Sulawesi has cockatoos and tree kangaroos.What is the best explanation for this observation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In biology lab,your instructor informs you that Carbon-14 dating will demonstrate the use of determining the age of a fossil.Using only this information,you estimate that the age of the fossil must be less than

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Potassium-40 is useful in determining the age of a fossil in samples

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The common skeletal organization between two vertebrate animals,with bony limbs used for movement,is a example of analogous structures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the geologic timescale,an environmental condition that changed prior to the appearance of complex species,from eukaryote cells to animals and plants,was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fossils may be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aside from biology,(a) field (fields) of study that have contributed to modern evolutionary understanding is (are)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One line of evidence that humans arose in Africa is the observation that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Absolute dating uses ______ to estimate how old a fossil is.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The wing of a bat and an insect are examples of _____ structures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect independent evolution,these structures are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If many genes from two species differ in about 5% of their bases and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 5% per 1 million years,then about _____ million years have passed since the two species diverged.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Cretaceous and Jurassic periods are part of the _____ era.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Earth's history spans about 4.5 billion years.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to be preserved as a fossil?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a structure has no apparent function in one species,yet is homologous to a functional organ in another species,this structure is termed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The large,rigid layers of Earth's surface that are moving in response to forces deep within Earth,are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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