Question 1

Three types of natural selection are

Accepted Answer

A)   directional selection, convergent selection, and disruptive selection.
B)   directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing selection.
C)   directional selection, artificial selection, and convergent selection.
D)   disruptive selection, stabilizing selection, and normalizing selection.
E)   disruptive selection, stabilizing selection, and artificial selection.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

Historically fishermen kept larger fish and left smaller juvenile fish.Over time the average size of the fish would

Accepted Answer

A)   remain unchanged.
B)   decrease by natural selection.
C)   decrease by genetic drift.
D)   increase by genetic drift.
E)   increase by natural selection.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

A relationship between Mendel's work on genetics and inheritance,and evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin,is currently

Accepted Answer

A)   that Darwin could not validate and publish his theory until he read the works by Mendel.
B)   founded in Mendel's genetics research proving that each generation evolves at a uniform rate, as Darwin predicted.
C)   that genetic variations due to mutations and other factors counter the proposed mechanisms of evolution proposed by Darwin.
D)   in a modern evolutionary synthesis of genetic traits and species observations beyond Mendel's and Darwin's proposals.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because

Accepted Answer

A)   antibiotics are sometimes prescribed for viral infections (due to pressure from patients) .
B)   All of the answer choices are correct.
C)   antibiotics are used in feed for livestock.
D)   antibiotics are used to treat infections in cattle, chickens, and other animals used for agricultural purposes.
E)   some patients do not take the antibiotics as directed.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 5

Carriers of cystic fibrosis have some protection against intestinal infections such as cholera.However,people with two copies of the cystic fibrosis allele develop a life-threatening disease.The mutant allele is very common in people of northern European descent because of

Accepted Answer

A)   heterozygote advantage.
B)   stabilizing selection.
C)   directional selection.
D)   sexual selection.
E)   disruptive selection.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The scientist who published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" in 1859 was

Accepted Answer

A)   James Hutton.
B)   Georges Buffon.
C)   Charles Darwin.
D)   Charles Lyell.
E)   Jean Lamarck.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

Figuer:  
-In figure (b) ,what was the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)   the age of the fish
B)   the generation
C)   the mean weight of harvested fish
D)   the size at which the fish were harvested
E)   the species of fishF) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 8

Raising small beetles for several generations,a distinctive phenotype in the wing shape appears,skipping generations.This trait most likely appears only in the ___ genotype,and can help determine the ___ Hardy-Weinberg probability of inheritance in the population.

Accepted Answer

A)   heterozygous, 2pq
B)   any genotype with the dominant allele, 2pq
C)   homozygous recessive, q2
D)   homozygous dominant, p2
E)   None of these answer options are correct.F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Evolution does answer the question as to how life originally began.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Hunting magazines,hunting show hosts,and avid hunters often weave stories of letting smaller white-tailed deer pass by,waiting for the larger "prize bucks." Given what you know about possible changes in allele frequencies of populations,and assuming these reported hunting behaviors are true,

Accepted Answer

A)   a directional selection for smaller white-tailed deer will result in fewer "prize bucks."
B)   a founder effect, from hunting, will allow small groups of larger white-tailed deer to establish away from human populations.
C)   Any of these answer options are as likely as the others.
D)   a bottleneck effect, from hunting, will soon cause extinction of the white-tailed deer.
E)   there will be no adverse effect on the white-tailed deer species, because humans aren't intentionally forcing artificial selection.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 11

A male peacock has enormous tail feathers that it uses in mating displays to attract females.While the tail feathers are an advantage in mating,what is the potential disadvantage of these feathers to the male?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are no disadvantages to having large tail feathers.
B)   Bright feathers make males less susceptible to predation.
C)   The feathers make the male more attractive to other males.
D)   The large tail feathers would make it easier to fly.
E)   The feathers require a lot of energy to produce.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Artificial selection is responsible for many breeds of dogs and cats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Although an "obvious" extension of evolutionary theory,evolution does not address

Accepted Answer

A)   what variations are in each gene pool.
B)   All of these answer options are addressed directly in evolution theory.
C)   the roles of mutations in evolution.
D)   how life began.
E)   which genotypes are inherited by each offspring from its parents.F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 14

In an evolutionary sense,fitness refers to an organism's contribution to the next generation's gene pool.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Darwin concluded from his observations of nature and readings that

Accepted Answer

A)   population growth is unlimited, leading to the large numbers of organisms.
B)   species do not change over time.
C)   individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest survive.
D)   an individual's likelihood of survival and reproduction are mostly due to chance and changes in the environment.
E)   individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest reproduce.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Figuer:  
-What did the researchers conclude based on the data shown in figure (b) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Harvesting fish in a slot limit led to an increase in average size over time.
B)   Harvesting larger fish led to a decrease in average size over time.
C)   Harvesting fish in a slot limit led to a decrease in average size over time.
D)   Harvesting larger fish led to an increase in average size over time.
E)   Harvesting fish randomly led to an increase in average size over time.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Today,40% of hospital Staphylococcus infections are resistant to all antibiotics except one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If an environment changes rapidly,individual organisms with ____ will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

Accepted Answer

A)   the ability to produce beneficial mutations
B)   the correct allele frequency
C)   existing neutral mutations
D)   the ability to adapt their genotype
E)   existing beneficial mutationsF) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will not occur in a population in which

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals mate at random.
B)   individuals immigrate or emigrate.
C)   mutations do not occur.
D)   sexual selection does not occur.
E)   natural selection does not occur.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 20

One concern of conservation biologists is that endangered species will have low genetic diversity due to a small population size.Why is this a concern?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sexual selection is stronger in small populations.
B)   Individuals in small populations acquire mutations more slowly than those in large populations.
C)   If the environment changes, individuals will not be able to change their alleles and survive.
D)   If a disease occurs in the population, there may not be organisms with resistant alleles.
E)   Allele frequencies are lower in smaller populations.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Exam 12: The Forces of Evolutionary Change

Today,40% of hospital Staphylococcus infections are resistant to all antibiotics except one.

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Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will not occur in a population in which

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Raising small beetles for several generations,a distinctive phenotype in the wing shape appears,skipping generations.This trait most likely appears only in the ___ genotype,and can help determine the ___ Hardy-Weinberg probability of inheritance in the population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Artificial selection is responsible for many breeds of dogs and cats.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: -What did the researchers conclude based on the data shown in figure (b) ?

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One concern of conservation biologists is that endangered species will have low genetic diversity due to a small population size.Why is this a concern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Historically fishermen kept larger fish and left smaller juvenile fish.Over time the average size of the fish would

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolution does answer the question as to how life originally began.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hunting magazines,hunting show hosts,and avid hunters often weave stories of letting smaller white-tailed deer pass by,waiting for the larger "prize bucks." Given what you know about possible changes in allele frequencies of populations,and assuming these reported hunting behaviors are true,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although an "obvious" extension of evolutionary theory,evolution does not address

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A male peacock has enormous tail feathers that it uses in mating displays to attract females.While the tail feathers are an advantage in mating,what is the potential disadvantage of these feathers to the male?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three types of natural selection are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an environment changes rapidly,individual organisms with ____ will be more likely to survive and reproduce.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carriers of cystic fibrosis have some protection against intestinal infections such as cholera.However,people with two copies of the cystic fibrosis allele develop a life-threatening disease.The mutant allele is very common in people of northern European descent because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientist who published "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" in 1859 was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an evolutionary sense,fitness refers to an organism's contribution to the next generation's gene pool.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darwin concluded from his observations of nature and readings that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figuer: -In figure (b) ,what was the independent variable?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A relationship between Mendel's work on genetics and inheritance,and evolutionary theory proposed by Darwin,is currently

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Raising small beetles for several generations,a distinctive phenotype in the wing shape appears,skipping generations.This trait most likely appears only in the _ genotype,and can help determine the _ Hardy-Weinberg probability of inheritance in the population.

Correct Answer
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