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Exam 7: DNA Structure and Gene Function

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Question 31

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DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function. Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood. Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding. -The DNA subunits that form the "rungs" joining the two sides of the DNA molecule are formed by

A) hydrogen bonds between nitrogen base pairs.
B) covalent bonds between nitrogen base pairs.
C) phosphodiester bonds between the deoxyribose sugars.
D) ionic bonds between the phosphate pairs.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 32

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Transposable elements

A) result from damage to the chromosomes by things like radiation.
B) are DNA sequences that can "jump" within the genome.
C) are another name for translocations.
D) are segments of RNA found in chromosomes.
E) are formed during transcription.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Question 33

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DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function. Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood. Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding. -The scientist (scientists) who was (were) given credit for first determining the molecule structure of DNA by building a ball-and-stick model is (are)

Which proteins initiate transcription in eukaryotes by recognizing sequences within the promoter region of a gene and attracting RNA polymerase?

Purine bases have a _________ ___________ structure.

FOXP2 functions by

Because cells are very efficient in the processes that they carry out,very little energy is needed for the cell to make proteins.

How did the researchers estimate that the original FOXP2 mutation happened 300,000-400,000 years ago?

The step of translation in which an mRNA,a small ribosomal subunit,and the initiator tRNA are aligned together is

Figuer: -What type of mutation has occurred in the following? Normal allele 5'-GGAAUGAAACAGGAACCC-3' Mutant allele 5'-GGAAUGAAACAGGUACCC-3'

Transcription and replication occur during ____________________ of the cell cycle.

A change in a cell's DNA sequence is

A gene is any DNA sequence that is transcribed to any type of RNA.

A region of a chromosome contains two strands of DNA,yet only one is used to transcribe a gene because

A germline mutation occurs in cells that give rise to

DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function. Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood. Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding. -The scientist (scientists) who showed that DNA contained equal amounts of certain nitrogen bases is (are)

In eukaryotic cells,sequences of mRNA that are removed from an mRNA molecule before being translated are

Cystic fibrosis may be caused by a protein that does not fold correctly into its final form.

The "Central Dogma" refers to

DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function. Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood. Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding. -The technique that allowed Hershey and Chase to show that the bacteriophage injects a specific molecule,was to